Term
An otherwise “normal” person during hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these “abnormal” behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality? |
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Definition
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Term
Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? |
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Definition
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Term
“Many people are not aware of the sources of their abnormality, because abnormality often arises from unconscious psychological processes; such people need insight about those processes.” Who would agree most strongly with this statement? |
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Definition
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Term
Psychoanalysis is a form of: |
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Definition
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Term
“'Moral treatment' is the best way to deal with abnormality; even the best of us at some time may break under stress.” Who of the following would agree most strongly with this statement? |
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Definition
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Term
Immigration and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more: |
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Definition
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Term
Last week Elaine took an IQ test and scored extremely high. According to the definition of abnormality, her behavior is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not: |
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Definition
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Term
The first physician to specialize in mental illness was |
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Definition
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Term
Eugenic sterilization reflects the ______ perspective on abnormality |
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Definition
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Term
“The Devil made me do it!” would be a believable reason for abnormal behaviors for: [image] |
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Definition
clergy of the Middle Ages. |
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Term
Mesmer became famous—or infamous—for his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed |
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Definition
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Term
Research shows that danger to self or others is found in |
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Definition
some cases of abnormal functioning. |
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Term
Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by |
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Definition
correcting underlying physical pathology. |
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Term
Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed |
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Definition
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Term
One who studies the history of the field of abnormal psychology most likely would compare our current understanding of abnormal behavior with a book that: |
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Definition
is in the process of being written |
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Term
If your primary symptom were excessive worry, the best psychotropic drug for you would be an |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following pairs of words best describes the current emphasis in mental health? |
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Definition
prevention and positive psychology |
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Term
The man who brought about the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was: |
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Definition
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Term
Margie's ability to think clearly and remember events has been deteriorating over the last several years. She now has difficulty even reading anything longer than a sentence because she cannot keep track of what she is reading. She is almost completely unable to function intellectually. According to Greek and Roman views, this is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment? |
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Definition
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Term
| One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical: | [image] |
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Definition
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Term
Part of the downfall of moral therapy was that: |
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Definition
it did not work for everyone. |
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Term
Jena is very unhappy. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be: |
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Definition
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Term
If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States, your therapy will last for: |
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Definition
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Term
The practice of trephination was probably used to |
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Definition
allow the release of evil spirits. |
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Term
The most accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally |
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Definition
do not accept one definition of abnormality, and practice more than one form of treatment. |
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Term
Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is estimated to occur most frequently in the adult population of the United States? |
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Definition
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Term
Greek and Roman physicians described a person with mania as having symptoms of |
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Definition
euphoria and frenzied activity. |
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Term
A physician who offers psychotherapy is called a: |
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Definition
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Term
The approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a psychotherapist for services is called |
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Definition
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Term
The fact that hundreds of thousands of people with severe psychological disturbances end up living on the streets or in jails points out one deficiency of: |
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Definition
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Term
In this research question, “Do children from single-parent families show more depression than those from two-parent families,” there is(are) ______ known variable(s). |
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Definition
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Term
As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true of the correlation coefficient? |
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Definition
It rangers from –1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variable. |
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Term
A researcher randomly divides young women suffering from anorexia into two groups. Participants in Group A receive psychotherapy and drug treatments; participants in Group B receive attention (but no therapy) and a “sugar pill.” The researcher then compares participants in the two groups on relief of anorexia symptoms. One important criticism of this research is that it is a: |
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Definition
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Term
A sugar pill used as the control condition in a drug study is a: |
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Definition
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Term
If one were studying the hypothesis that people with high levels of stress are more likely to get cancer and wanted to include a matched control group, that group: |
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Definition
would have low levels of stress |
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Term
Case studies are useful for |
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Definition
studying unusual problems |
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Term
Using generally accepted standards, what is the chance that a statistically significant result is due to chance? |
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Definition
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Term
Experimenters are generally willing to: |
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Definition
subject animals to more discomfort than humans. |
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Term
To accomplish random assignment, one could assign participants to groups by |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following results most likely came from an epidemiological study? |
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Definition
The rate of suicide is higher in Ireland than in the United States |
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Term
If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control for cultural patterns in drinking in the participants, the study would have low: |
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Definition
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Term
Research shows that the result of lobotomies was |
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Definition
irreversible brain damage and withdrawal |
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Term
The function of the double-blind design is to guard against |
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Definition
participant and experimenter expectancies |
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Term
Seligman's study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is an example of a(n) ______ study |
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Definition
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Term
The variable manipulated in an experiment is called: |
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Definition
the independent variable. |
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Term
A researcher wishes to study the effect of a new drug on symptoms of depression. Research participants are randomly assigned to two groups. Participants in Group A receive the drug whenever they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter; participants in Group B receive nothing when they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter. After a month of this procedure, participants in Group A report significantly fewer symptoms of depression. A serious flaw of this study is that it: |
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Definition
is not a double-blind design. |
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Term
In single-subject experimental designs, the participant is observed and measured before the manipulation of an independent variable. This initial observation period is called the |
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Definition
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Term
A researcher is interested in the effects of a new drug for treating anxiety. He decides to study it in rats by conditioning the fear of a high-pitched noise and then testing rats' reactions with and without the drug. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the best way for clinicians to come to an understanding of abnormal behavior? |
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Definition
to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods |
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Term
The group of participants that is not exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
In an experiment on the effects of two new drugs on mood, neither the patients, researchers, nor those who are evaluating mood know which drug the patients are getting. The study is ______ blind. |
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Definition
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Term
A researcher wishes to study the effect of a new drug on symptoms of depression. Research participants are randomly assigned to two groups. Participants in Group A receive the drug whenever they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter; participants in Group B receive nothing when they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter. After a month of this procedure, participants in Group A report significantly fewer symptoms of depression. In this study, Group A is the: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true about case studies and single-subject designs? |
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Definition
Single-subject designs have more internal validity |
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Term
The first step in using the treatment called “systematic desensitization” is to: |
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Definition
teach the skill of relaxation over the course of several sessions |
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Term
Providing treatment as soon as it is needed, so that problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term, is called |
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Definition
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Term
The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the |
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Definition
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Term
When a gestalt therapist refuses to meet her patient's demands, the therapist is using |
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Definition
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Term
Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role playing and a “here and now” orientation, are: |
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Definition
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Term
Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as most likely due to |
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Definition
social factors leading to stress |
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Term
Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the following would suggest most strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barney's behavior? |
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Definition
Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs. |
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Term
Which of the following would be most likely to use skillful frustration as a part of therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
Evidence in support of the psychodynamic model has come primarily from: |
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Definition
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Term
If a person had an anxiety disorder, one would suspect a problem with which of these neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
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Term
If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: |
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Definition
unconditional self-regard |
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Term
According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is |
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Definition
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Term
The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's family structure, societal norms, and a client's roles in society is: |
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Definition
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Term
“You can do anything you want. You can lead a perfectly useless life. It is all up to you.” A therapist who would say these frustrating statements as a primary part of the therapy process would follow the ______ tradition |
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Definition
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Term
According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is true regarding dreams? |
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Definition
They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. |
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Term
Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of |
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Definition
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Term
According to family systems theory, families that show “disengagement” are characterized by |
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Definition
rigid boundaries between family members. |
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Term
If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that they do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be |
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Definition
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Term
The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the: |
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Definition
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Term
What we would call “conscience” is most like what Freud would call the |
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Definition
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Term
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used most often in the treatment of: |
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Definition
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Term
A general term used for theories such as Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the sexual energy of the id |
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Term
An important factor to consider in using drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that |
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Definition
some people do not benefit from drug treatments |
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Term
Henry goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone criticizes or expresses disapproval. Much of what he does is for the purpose of getting people to like him. Cognitive theorists would say that Henry's depression results in large part from: |
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Definition
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Term
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can lead to entrapment at a developmental level. This is called: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following phrases would one be most likely to hear in a self-help group? |
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Definition
try this it worked for me |
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Term
The model most likely to use terms such as “resistance” and “transference” is the ______ model. |
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Definition
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Term
Evidence that supports the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies has come from |
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Definition
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Term
If you imagine biting into a big, juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. The lemon is an example of |
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Definition
an unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
Infants tend to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what Freud called: [image] |
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Definition
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Term
If a clinician focused on where you placed your drawing on the page, the size of the drawing, and the parts you omitted, you most likely took which of the following tests? |
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Definition
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Term
A clinician has developed a test that requires test takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. Most likely, this new test is a: |
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Definition
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Term
If it were necessary to get the clearest and most accurate picture of the physical anatomy of the brain in order to aid in the diagnosis of a psychological disorder, the method of choice would be |
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Definition
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Term
Racine has recently broken up with her boyfriend and at the same time lost her job. Which axis of DSM-IV-TR would these factors be included under |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following tests is likely to have the lowest reliability |
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Definition
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Term
An adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but seldom does so at work. In this case, clinical observations of this person at home would lack: |
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Definition
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Term
Youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling of guilt and is emotionally shallow. He would probably score high on the MMPI-2 scale called: |
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Definition
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Term
A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. This clinician's orientation is probably: |
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Definition
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Term
If a clinician wanted to know more detailed information about a person's functioning in a specific area, the clinician would use: |
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Definition
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Term
The clinical interviewer most interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation? |
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Definition
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Term
The single most effective treatment for schizophrenia is: |
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Definition
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Term
The greater reliability of the DSM-IV-TR is most likely because of: |
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Definition
its field trials of new criteria and categories. |
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Term
What kind of validity is most important to clinicians in evaluating the utility of a classification system? |
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Definition
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Term
If you received the diagnoses of both social phobia and agoraphobia, your diagnoses would be |
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Definition
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Term
The initial problem in studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy is: |
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Definition
defining what it means for a treatment to be successful. |
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Term
If a clinician begins by asking, “Would you tell me about yourself?” the clinician is most likely conducting |
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Definition
an unstructured interview |
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Term
Binet and Simon are know for their work in creating a: |
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Definition
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Term
A clinician gathers data about what things might be reinforcing to someone's abnormal behavior. This variety of assessment is called: |
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Definition
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Term
Clients check off either “Applies” or “Does Not Apply” to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking most likely is a: |
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Definition
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Term
A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
any relevant general medical condition. |
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Term
Compared to projective tests, personality inventories: |
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Definition
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Term
Under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother records the number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately prior to the hitting. In this situation, Tina's mother is |
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Definition
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Term
In order to study the general effectiveness of treatment, Smith and Glass and their colleagues performed: |
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Definition
a meta-analysis of many studies. |
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Term
Because people who are manic have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has |
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Definition
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Term
The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that: |
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Definition
the responses come from the client's unconscious. |
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Term
When a person has organic brain impairment, that person would most likely have difficulty completing the/a |
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Definition
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Term
The proportion of panic-attack sufferers who are helped at least somewhat by antidepressant drugs is about |
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Definition
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Term
The treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with exposure and response-prevention therapies has produced: |
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Definition
considerable improvement in more than half of those treate |
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Term
“Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts.” The type of theorist most likely to agree with this quote would be a: |
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Definition
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Term
One of the drawbacks of exposure and response prevention as a therapy is that it: |
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Definition
is less effective with clients with obsessions but no compulsions. |
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Term
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. He would most likely be diagnosed with: |
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Definition
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Term
Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common: |
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Definition
their lack of strong support from controlled studies. |
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Term
Panic disorder develops most often in |
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Definition
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Term
Karla's phobia about small insects is: [image] |
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Definition
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Term
GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter believed to be involved in reducing the excitability of neurons in the limbic system, has been implicated in the etiology of: |
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Definition
generalized anxiety disorder. |
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Term
A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called: |
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Definition
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Term
A college student who is so anxious that he can't function unless his clothes are arranged by color and type in his closet is experiencing: |
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Definition
an obsessive-compulsive disorder. |
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Term
A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention in order to actually confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ______ technique. |
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Definition
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Term
Someone who can tell you exactly how many ceiling tiles there are in each classroom and how many people's names were in the credits of the movie he watched last night is exhibiting a: |
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Definition
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Term
Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
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Term
Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
Using traditional research studies, which of the following has been shown to be a highly effective long-term treatment for generalized anxiety? |
|
Definition
antidepressant medication |
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Term
If a professor had the notion that there were germs lurking everywhere, on papers students handed in, on books checked out of the library, on the chalk left by the previous teacher, the professor would be experiencing: |
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Definition
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Term
Fear differs from anxiety in that |
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Definition
fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general. |
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Term
If a client were instructed to tape-record obsessive thoughts and listen to them for two hours each day, the client would be experiencing what therapy technique? |
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Definition
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Term
Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to: |
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Definition
increase serotonin activity in the brain. |
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Term
Object relations therapists: |
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Definition
use psychodynamic techniques to help patients work through childhood trauma. |
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Term
Which of the following is true about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive disorder, it must |
|
Definition
increase serotonin activity. |
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Term
Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared animals, darkness, and heights were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, represents the ______ explanation of the development of phobias. |
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Definition
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Term
Sally is never sure of the right thing to do. She married Tod and has been wondering for years if that was the right thing to do. She is exhibiting: |
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Definition
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Term
A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in what region of the brain? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Regarding disasters and stress, which of the following is not true? |
|
Definition
The symptoms of disaster-induced stress disorders are different from those of combat-induced disorders |
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Term
The flight-or-fight system is controlled in part by the: |
|
Definition
sympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
The lymphocytes that identify foreign invaders and trigger the production of other kinds of immune cells are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Posttraumatic stress disorders: [image] |
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Definition
last longer than a month. often occur with depression and sleep difficulties. |
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Term
Which of the following best reflects the correct order of Selye's stages of response to stress? |
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Definition
sympathetic arousal, parasympathetic response, exhaustion |
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Term
Investigators have shown that traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter: |
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Definition
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Term
A person who has difficulty expressing unpleasant emotions such as anger or hostility is displaying a ______ and is at greater risk for heart disease/asthma. |
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Definition
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Term
Salina was terrified during the San Francisco earthquake of 1989 (who wouldn't be?). For a couple of weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, gradually the fears diminished, and they disappeared within a month. Her reaction to the earthquake was: |
|
Definition
an acute stress disorder. |
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Term
| Helping survivors talk about their feelings and fears regarding a disaster is designed to: | [image] |
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|
Definition
help people express anxiety, anger, and frustration. |
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Term
Imagine that you just had a “close call” while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy? |
|
Definition
parasympathetic nervous system |
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Term
Those most likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the U.S. on September 11, 2001: |
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Definition
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|
Term
If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with the numbers of physical (health) complaints, one would most likely find: [image] |
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Definition
a significant positive correlation. |
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Term
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale does all of the following except: |
|
Definition
reflects responses from many different ethnic groups. |
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Term
Research suggests that which of the following is best related to a person's risk for developing a stress disorder? |
|
Definition
generally being described as lacking in resiliency |
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Term
Looking for rainbows while walking the dog in the rain is an example of a: |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is assumed to involve activation of the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
If you are similar to most other people, which of the following are you most likely to do to relieve stress? |
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Definition
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Term
Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output from a heat-sensitive device on her fingers. She simply tried to make the dial go up. This is a form of: | |
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Definition
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Term
| | A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who refuses to talk about it is: |
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Definition
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Term
A flash flood hits a small Appalachian community. Those providing critical incident stress debriefing intervention would: |
|
Definition
provide short-term counseling services. |
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Term
We would expect posttraumatic stress disorder to be most common among military personnel who were prisoners of war for a: |
|
Definition
long time, and who were not welcomed home. |
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Term
A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms in order to gain attention. You think that the ailment fills some psychological need. You would diagnose: |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which of the following would you not find on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Research suggests that which of the following people would be most immune to developing a stress disorder following trauma? |
|
Definition
someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control |
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Term
Which of the following accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response? |
|
Definition
The hypothalamus excites the sympathetic nervous system which excites body organs to release hormones that serve as neurotransmitters, producing even more arousal |
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Term
Some people are stimulated by exciting, potentially dangerous activities that terrify others. These varying reactions represent differences in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
he part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the ______ system |
|
Definition
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|
Term
A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who has symptoms of derealization and depersonalization is: |
|
Definition
experiencing reduced responsiveness. |
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Term
The organ most related to controlling emotional memories and “turning off” the body's arousal is the |
|
Definition
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Term
After Marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often, and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation, which probably contributed to Marie's coping ability after the accident, relates to ______ as a factor in her response to the stress. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Of the following, the individual with the highest risk of developing heart disease is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Regarding disasters and stress, which of the following is not true? |
|
Definition
The symptoms of disaster-induced stress disorders are different from those of combat-induced disorders. |
|
|
Term
The flight-or-fight system is controlled in part by the: |
|
Definition
sympathetic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
The lymphocytes that identify foreign invaders and trigger the production of other kinds of immune cells are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Posttraumatic stress disorders |
|
Definition
last longer than a month. |
|
|
Term
Posttraumatic stress disorders: |
|
Definition
often occur with depression and sleep difficulties |
|
|
Term
Which of the following best reflects the correct order of Selye's stages of response to stress? |
|
Definition
sympathetic arousal, parasympathetic response, exhaustion |
|
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Term
Investigators have shown that traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter: |
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A person who has difficulty expressing unpleasant emotions such as anger or hostility is displaying a ______ and is at greater risk for heart disease/asthma. |
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Salina was terrified during the San Francisco earthquake of 1989 (who wouldn't be?). For a couple of weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, gradually the fears diminished, and they disappeared within a month. Her reaction to the earthquake was: |
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Helping survivors talk about their feelings and fears regarding a disaster is designed to: |
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help people express anxiety, anger, and frustration. |
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Imagine that you just had a “close call” while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy? |
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parasympathetic nervous system |
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Those most likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the U.S. on September 11, 2001: |
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If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with the numbers of physical (health) complaints, one would most likely find |
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a significant positive correlation |
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The Social Readjustment Rating Scale does all of the following except: [image] |
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reflects responses from many different ethnic groups. |
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Research suggests that which of the following is best related to a person's risk for developing a stress disorder? |
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generally being described as lacking in resiliency |
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Looking for rainbows while walking the dog in the rain is an example of a |
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Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is assumed to involve activation of the sympathetic nervous system? |
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