Term
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Definition
| One of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria associated with some mood disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood that may include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flight of idea, agitation, or self-destructive behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode. |
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Term
| major depressive disorder, single episode |
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Definition
| Mood disorder involving one major depressive episode. |
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Term
| major depressive disorder, recurrent |
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Definition
| Mood disorder involving multiple (separated by at least 2 months without depression) major depressive episodes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder. |
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Term
| pathological grief reaction |
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Definition
| Extreme reaction to the death of a loved one that involves psychotic features, suicidal ideation, or severe loss of weight or energy or that persists more than 2 months. Also known as an impacted grief reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes). |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes. |
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Term
| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) |
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Definition
| Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that affects the brain and is increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology. |
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Term
| depressive cognitive triad |
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Definition
| Thinking errors by depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future. |
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Term
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes--and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles. |
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Term
| interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) |
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Definition
| Brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes in marital conflict, forming relationships in marriage, or a new job. It has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Effort made to kill oneself. |
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Term
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Definition
| Serious thoughts about committing suicide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Postmodern psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death. |
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