Term
|
Definition
| First effective antipsychotic drugs |
|
|
Term
| 2 factors of Epidemiology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Risk Factors
Protective Factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 approaches to Classifacation |
|
Definition
Categorical
Dimensional
Prototypical |
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Term
|
Definition
Blood-Cheerfulness
(Melancholer)Black Bile- depression
(Choler) Yellow Bile- Anger
Phlegm- Calmness |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Not of definition
Whatever society deems abnormal |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Precursor to psychosocial approaches
-Psychological disorders were influenced by early learning history and current social environment |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Clinical Disorders
(ie., axiety, depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Personality and Mental Retardation
(i.e., Borderline Personality Disorder) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Medical Problems
(i.e., hypertension, obesity) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Social Problems
(i.e., unemployed, divorced) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Global Assesment of Functioning (GAF)
overall subjective scale of functioning (0-100) the lower the number, the worse the illness is. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Therapeutic methods based on priniples of behavior and learning as applied to clinical problems
Specific Behaviors rather than inferred conflicts as legitimate targets for change |
|
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Term
|
Definition
(Medical Model)
Psychological disorders are caused by biological imbalances |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Person-Centered Therapy
Unconditional positive regard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follows a rigid, either-or definition of what each disorder is and what it is caused by |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The systematic evaluation and measurement of the FACTORS which may be contributing to an individual's problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(PhD, PsyD)
Treats psychopathology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pattern of development and change of an individual's problem over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common patern of behavior, often an adaptive coping style when in moderation, observed in response to a particular situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refuses to acknowledge some aspect of reality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Categorizing disorders on a wide range rather than binary, either-or basis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collection of signs and symptoms with a known cause
Ex> Huntington's Disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Transfers a feeling to less threatening object or person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a problem causes an individual pain or suffering |
|
|
Term
| Dorthea Dix (19th Century) |
|
Definition
Mental Hygine Movement
Effort to improve care of mentally disordered by informing public of their mistreatment |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Dream content symbolic of Id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inablitity to function properly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Used to treat schizophrenia in the 30's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of factors effecting health and illness of a population |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Come and go over and over |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Say whatever comes to mind without censoring |
|
|
Term
| How many Axes of DSM-IV are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a person meets criteria for a disorder
(not a person has a disorder) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People are good by nature and are motivated by positive, prosocial tendencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| four balanced substances that the normal brain was dependent on. Imbalance=disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Illogical, emotional, irrational
Unconscious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Problem prevents an individual from doing what they want |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The frenquency with which something occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Russian Scientist who discovered classical conditioning
(Respondent Conditioning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unshackling patients and treating them humanely in normal environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the beginning of a disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
French psychiatrist
Moral Therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unable to function properly because of a physical condition
(Back Pain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Original complaint reported by the client |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of people with the disorder at a given time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Falsely attributes own feelings to another person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Requiring certain criteria to obtain a diagnosis but allowing for some variation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unable to function properly mentally
(Unable to leave house because of panic disorder) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(MD)
Can medicate patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Iceberg Metaphor (Freud)
Id
Ego
Superego |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalysis Techniques |
|
Definition
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Transference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychological dysfunction that is associated with distress or impairment and is not typical or culturally expected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cognitive, Behavioral, and Interpersonal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychological disorders are caused by psychological or social influences |
|
|
Term
| Psychological disorders in the 14th century |
|
Definition
| Individuals who exhibited abnormal behavior were believed to be possessed by evil spirits |
|
|
Term
| Psychological disorders in the 16th Century |
|
Definition
Psychological problems not caused by demonic possession but rather were caused by the movement of the moon and stars (LUNA-tic)
Caused by infection, head trauma, heredity, HUMORAL IMBALANCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The scientific study of psychological disorders.
Describe, Determine Cause, Treat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Modern treatment practice that focuses on social, cultural, and psychological influences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conceals true motives for actions, thoughts, or feelings through elaborate reassuring or self-serving but incorrect explanations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substitutes that are direct opposite of unacceptable ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treating something as concrete when it isn't |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks disturbing wishes, thoughts, etc from conscious awareness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mental heath professional who is expected to apply scientific methods to their clinical work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People strive to acheive their highest potential against difficult life experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Austrian Physician
Psychoanalytic Theory
First major pyschological approach in 20th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Problems observed by the therapist or diagnostician
Ex> Crying; White blood cell count |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a characteristic not statistically normal or par of the average
(schizophrenia, Alzheier's) |
|
|
Term
| Study of abnormal behavior or psychopathology is concerened about |
|
Definition
| Behaviors, Thoughts, Emotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Directs maladaptive feelings into socially acceptable behavior |
|
|
Term
| Superego (Iceburg Metaphor) |
|
Definition
Conscience
Moral Principle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychological disorder are caused by supernatural forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Problems reported by client
Ex> Difficulty sleeping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collection or signs and symptoms with no agreed upon cause
Ex>Asperger's Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Patients relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures
(countertransference) |
|
|
Term
| Uncoditional Positive Regard |
|
Definition
| Accepting a clients feelings or actions without condeming them or judging them |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What influences our definition of abnormality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is abnormal behavior? |
|
Definition
| Atypical or not culturally expected behavior |
|
|
Term
| Why are symptoms a difficulty in mental health? |
|
Definition
| No measures for signs, all based on self report |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of biological function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nervous
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All body fluid inside of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All fluid outside of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid portion of blood, mostly water (93% by volume)
contains dissolved proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Tissue-Filled"
Bathes the cells within the organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consistency of the internal environment in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rate of the process decreases as the concentration of the product increase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rate of the process increases as the concentration of the product increases |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic Control Systems |
|
Definition
"Built In" to the organs being regulated
Ex.) Heart and Kidney |
|
|
Term
| Extrinsic Control Systems |
|
Definition
Regulation of an organ by the nervous and endocrine systems
Must overule the intrinsic system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Positive charge of an atom
Found in Nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neutral charge of an atom
Found in nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negative charge of an atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 structures with identical molecular formula, but different structures/characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms of a molecule share electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cations (+) bond with Anions (-)
Ex) Na+ --> Cl- = NaCl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bond that has an atom the hogs more of the charges, creating a polarity within the molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bond the has equal charges to each molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-polar molecules that are insoluble in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polar molecules that are soluble in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compound that is both Hydrophillic and Lipophilic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polar Bond
-Oxygen shares the electrons with Hydrogen
Hydrogen Bonds
-Weak H-bonds between water molecules |
|
|
Term
| Primary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
| H-Bonds and Peptide bonds |
|
|
Term
| Tertiary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quaternary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
| Non-covalent, hydrogen, peptide, and Disulfid bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nitrogenous bases
5 carbon sugar
Phosphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Messenger (mRNA)
Ribosomal (rRNA)
Transfer (tRNA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formation of large molecules by the removal of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breakdown of molecules using water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Edge of Life"
Semi-permeable
Gives cell shape and controls what leaves/enters cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Control center of cell
Made of nucleolus and Nuclear envelope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonmembraneous mass of protein and RNA molecules
Produce rRNA for ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double membrane organelle
Supports nucleus and controls passage of materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Juice content inside cell but outside nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Liquid portion of the cytoplasm
Cannot be removed by centrifugation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lattice of microfilaments and microtubules
Provides structural organization for cell shape and organelles |
|
|
Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
Definition
Assists in protein synthesis
Manufacture of phospholipids used in produced cell membrane
Manufacture secreted proteins |
|
|
Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
Definition
Produces packages to Golgi complex
Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids used to produce cell membrane
Drug Detox |
|
|
Term
| Golgi Complex (Apparatus) |
|
Definition
"Post office"
Recieves, identifies, sorts, ships vessicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Membrane enclosed bag of hydrolitic enzymes
Intracellular digestive system (Hydrolysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small membraneous sacs
Contains oxidative enzymes for detoxifacation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Barrel-Shapped octagons
Fits into nuclear pores
Controls transport of materials in/out of nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double-membrane organelle
Powerhouse of cell- Makes ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produced by nucleus
Synthesizes Proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Molecules/enzyme breaks the helix (H-bonds)
Separates DNA strands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme that ties nucleotides together
Semi-Conservative Duplication |
|
|
Term
| Semi-Conservative Duplication |
|
Definition
| Produce two copies that ech contained one of the original strands and one new strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemicals that control different cell phases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tumor suppressant genes
Turns off cyclins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell is undergoing normal functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Restriction Point (Cell Cycle) |
|
Definition
| Makes sure cell is ready for DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Synthesis Phase (Cell Cycle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cell continues to grow
Makes sure cell is ready to enter mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell growth stops and cellular energy focused on dividing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Nucleolus disappears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromosomes break at centromeres, and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nuclear membrane reforms
Nucleoli appear
Chromosomes unwind into chromatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cleavage Furrow
Cell spilts into two |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rewrite the DNA template in mRNA form
In nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribosome creates new amino acid chain from transcription
In cytosol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speeds up the rate of chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical reactions that require input of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reactions that convert molecules with more free energy to molecules with less free energy, releasing energy as the reaction proceeds |
|
|
Term
| Examples of energy carriers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cellular respiration without oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cellular respiration with oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose to 2 molecules of pryuvate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double lipid bilayer
Has phospholipid heads and fatty acid tails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Spot Welds"
Filaments extending between cell membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Communication Junctions
Ion movement through channels
Small ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Passive movement down a concentration gradient
Ex.) Electrical gradient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Needs a carrier
Pasive and Active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High to low concentration movement
No energy required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Requires energy (ATP)
Low to High cocentration movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Net diffusion of water down its concentration gradient
Water moving to area of high solute concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neuron either generates an AP or it does not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Insulates the current so it stays directed in the neuron
Makes conduction 50x faster
Thicker fiber--> Faster conduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid, transient changes in membrane potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resting Membrane Potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A separation of opposite charges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Membrane potential is reduced-moving more + inside
Excitatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Membrane returns to RMP after depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Potential is greater than RMP
More negative than -70mVo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short-lived
Decrease strength further that they have to travel
decremental (short distance communication) |
|
|
Term
| localized changes in membrane potential |
|
Definition
varying grades or degrees of magnitude
multiple sizes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only cells with "excitable membranes"
(Neurons; Muscle cells)
Brief, rapid reversals of membrane potential
Spread by local current flow
nondecrimental (long distance communication; does not lose power as it travels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(long distance communication; does not lose power as it travels)
Action Potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short distance communication
Decreases in strength the further it moves from the initial active site |
|
|
Term
| How fast do changes occur in membrane potential during an action potential |
|
Definition
| .003 seconds- 3milliseconds |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the membrane potential during an action potential |
|
Definition
Change in membrane permeability
Concentration ions on inside & Outside change |
|
|
Term
| Membrane potential at rest |
|
Definition
1 Na in--> Na channels are closed
-70 K out--> K channels are open |
|
|
Term
| Membrane potential during an action potential |
|
Definition
Na ions enter into the cell
Threshold- -50 to ~-55 mVs
Na channels open--> +30 mVs
When Na channels close, K channels open, and K moves out of cell (efflux)
cell has -70 mVs charge once again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Closed, but able to open with stimulation from a stimulus
Open- "activated" -working
Closed, and unable to open -"inactivated"- stimulus cannot open |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Closed sodium channels that cannot open even if a stimulus is applied |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP at rest |
|
Definition
Polarization
membrane potential: -70 mVs (inside more negative than outside)
State of Na channels: Closed but can open if stimulus comes
Ion permeability: K channels open (1 set) |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP |
|
Definition
Depolarization
Membrane potential- Moving from -70 to more positive reading when a stimulated by a stimulated
State of Na channels:
opened a few channels
-50 to -55 threshold is reached
Trigger Na channels to open
Na ion levels 600x > than K ion levels |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP at peak |
|
Definition
Membrane potential: +30mVs
State of Na+ Channels: Closed and unable to open with a stimulus
Ion permeability- K+ channels open |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP during the falling phase |
|
Definition
Repolarization
membrane potential: from +30mVs down to -70 mVs
State of Na channels- closed an unable to open
Voltage gated K channels: Open, K moves out (efflux)
Ion permeability- K moves out, no Na move |
|
|
Term
| Role of the Na/K-ATPase pump |
|
Definition
Move Na+ back out of cell
Move K+ back into cell |
|
|
Term
| Pathway of neuron conduction |
|
Definition
Gather info from dendrites
Soma
Axon hillock
Threshhold
ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ion channels close and lock
Repolarize until RMP is to -70mVs then are able to open again |
|
|
Term
| Signal changes at a neural synapse |
|
Definition
| Electrical-->Chemical--> Electrical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Depolarization
Na channels open
More Na in--> more positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperpolarization
Increase in permeability to K+ or Cl-
K+ moves out of cell
Cell becomes more negative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excitatory post-synaptic potentials
Na+ influx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibitory post-synaptic potentials
Cl- influx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grand post-synaptic potential
EPSP+IPSP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
characteristic of skeletal muscle is its ability to contract to varying degrees
More than a twitch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Summation over time
(frequency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Summation over space
(multiple neurons fired)
Converging into many cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single cell is influenced by thousands of other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Branching at axon terminals into telodendria of other cells to cause one message to go to other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acetylcholine
Somatic motor neurons (excitatory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cardiac, smooth muscle, glands receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Receptors for
Brain
Autonomic Ganglia
Skeletal Muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only ions
Nicotinic receptors
5 polypeptide subunits
Form channel that is chemically gated |
|
|
Term
| G-protein operated channel |
|
Definition
Muscarinic Receptors
Only ions pass through
Alpha-beta-gamma complex -one of them activates channel to open |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acetylcholinesterase
Protein on postsynaptic membrane that works as an enzyme- reacts to breakdown neurontransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neurotransmitters
Ex.) Serotonin & Dopamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neurotransmitters
In Medulla & Pons
Regulates mood and behavior
Drugs: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil- antidepressants (keep serotonin in synaptic cleft longer) |
|
|
Term
| Dopamine, Epinephrine, norepinephrine |
|
Definition
In midbrain and basal nuclei
Limbic system
Motor control
Emotion/reward system
"Parkinson's" |
|
|
Term
| How are monoamines inactivated? |
|
Definition
| Inactivated by breaking down and re-uptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Everything but brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form myelin sheath in PNS (Grey matter)
Increase rate of conduction by 50x |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supports cells for Unipolar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Myelin sheath in CNS (White Matter)
Increase conduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis- "Pac Man" digest bad/degenerating cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Choroid Process--> Choroid Plexus
epithelial membrane lining the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord
Involved in production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produce Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
Most abundant neuroglial cells
Circulate CSF with cilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blood Brain Barrier
Prevents brain from getting bad things from blood Ex.)Viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
larynx (voicebox)
warms, humifdifies and filters air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
covers entrance to larynx
prevents food from passing into it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| central portion of chest cavity, space between lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| space separating the layers of the pleura |
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Term
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Definition
| generalized inflamation of all the sinuses |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| narrowing or constricting |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| acute obstruction of larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| high-pitched sound that accompanies inspiration produced by blocked airways |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ability to breathe only when in an upright position |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| fluid, blood cells, and other debris consolidate and solidify within the alveoli of one or more lobes |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by either infection or by impaired ventilation from such disorders as cancer or mucous plug. |
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Term
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Definition
| an infection acquired during hospitalization |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the larynx |
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Term
| What device helps sleep apnea? |
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Definition
| CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| a device that delivers medication via a mist |
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Term
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Definition
| when listening through a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| tapping of the body with the fingertips to determine the size, borders, and density of an internal organ by the sound obtained |
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Term
| ventilation/perfusion scanning |
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Definition
| radiographic filming of the blood vessels in the lung following injection or inhalation of a contrast medium; |
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Term
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Definition
| can indicate exposure to tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete expansion or collapse of the alveoli. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to control bladder and/or bowels |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder due to an inability to urinate |
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Term
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Definition
| a sudden stoppage of the formation of urine altogether. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| difficult or painful urination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary urination (bed-wetting) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| symptom of diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms can enter the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| condition where ureter is blocked |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a protrusion or herniation of the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| a protrusion or herniation of the ureter distally into the bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| a narrowing of the ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| a narrowing of the urethra. |
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Term
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
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Definition
| therapy for kidney stones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
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Definition
| kidneys can no longer function to remove waste materials from the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of an artificial kidney machine to remove impurities from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the introduction of a peritoneal catheter and a special solution into the abdomen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 200 or more cone-shaped lobules that contain tiny coiled tubes |
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Term
| Interstitial cells of Leydig |
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Definition
| the connective and supportive (stromal) tissue of the testes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secretes an alkaline substance that both protects sperm from urethral and vaginal acidity and enhances sperm motility |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when a testicle does not drop |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| sperm present in the semen |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dissolution or destruction of sperm |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| benign prostatic hyperplasia |
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Definition
| Causes an elevated level of prostate protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| pus filled ureathral discharge |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery that corrects cryptorchidism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| estrogen and progesterone |
|
Definition
| two hormones ovaries produce |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fringe-like projections on the outer end of the falopian tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pad of fatty tissue and thick skin that overlies the connection of two pubic bones in women |
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Term
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Definition
| area between the vagina and the anus |
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Term
|
Definition
| lie within the labia majora to house the urethral and vaginal orifices |
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Term
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Definition
| provides a mucous secretion to lubricate the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| accessory structure of the female reproductive system, composed of glandular, fatty, and fibrous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shedding of built-up endometrial lining that occurs each month that an ovum is not fertilized |
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Term
| Hormone replacement therapy |
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Definition
| relieves menopause problems |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal opening between two organs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| external genitals of vagina |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the uterine (fallopian) tube and ovary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of a fibroid tumor from the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| scraping of the endometrium |
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Term
| stereotactic breast biopsy |
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Definition
| technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion |
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Term
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior colporrhaphy |
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Term
|
Definition
| radiographic image of the breast |
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Term
|
Definition
| an instrument used for visual examination of the vagina (and cervix) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sentinel lymph node biopsy |
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Definition
| procedure that uses an injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope to identify metastases of breast cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy |
|
Definition
| surgical procedure that excises the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Surgical repair of the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical fixation of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening in the uterine tube |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the uterus or uterine cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the cervix and vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical puncture to remove fluid from a patient's rectouterine pouch |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure to suture a perineal vaginal tear |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical fixation of the breast |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an X-ray test that examines the inside of uterus and fallopian tubes and the surrounding area. |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical procedure in which a fiber-optic instrument is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen or to permit a surgical procedure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expulsion of a mature ovum from an ovary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| unborn offspring from implantation to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| structure that grows on the wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the unborn child |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no births (a woman who has not given birth to any offspring, whether viable or stillborn.) |
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Term
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Definition
| mother who has just given birth |
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Term
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Definition
| many pregnancies (a woman who has been pregnant two or more times) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Obstetrics
medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium |
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Term
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Definition
| expected/estimated date of delivery |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the period of time following childbirth during which the reproductive organs return to normal |
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Term
|
Definition
| outtermost layer of the amniotic sac |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost layer of the amniotic sac |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| thin milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vaginal discharge following birth and lasting several weeks |
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Term
| How many muscles does the human body contain? |
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Definition
over 400
40-50% of body weight |
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Term
| Function of skeletal muscle (3) |
|
Definition
Force production for locomotion and breathing
Force production for postural support
Heat production during cold stress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Surrounds fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers) |
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Term
|
Definition
| surrounds individual muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| just below endomysium (bottom layer of connective tissue covering muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Play role in muscle growth and repair
More nuclei allow for greater protein synthesis
Important for adaptations to strength training |
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Term
|
Definition
| cytoplasm surrounding each nucleus |
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Term
|
Definition
| contain contractile proteins (actin and myosin) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
z line
m line
h zone
a band
I band |
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Term
|
Definition
storage sites for calcium
terminal cisternae |
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Term
|
Definition
| extend from sarcolemma to sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
|
Definition
| Junction between motor neuron and muscle fiber |
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Term
|
Definition
| pocket formed around motor neuron by sarcolemma |
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Term
|
Definition
| gap between neuron and muscle fiber |
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|
Term
| What is released from the motor neuron to the motor end plate and why? |
|
Definition
Ach (acetylcoline)
causes an end-plate potential (EPP) |
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Term
|
Definition
end-plate potential
causes depolarization of muscle fiber |
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Term
|
Definition
| actin moves over myosin and crossbridges deliver power stroke to shorten muscle |
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|
Term
| What happens to ATP during a contraction of muscle |
|
Definition
| Myosin ATPase breakes down ATP as fiber contracts |
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Term
| Excitation-Contraction Coupling |
|
Definition
| Depolarization of motor end plate is coupled to muscular contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
Decline in muscle power output (lower force generation and velocity of muscle shortening)
2 types: high intensity, low intensity |
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|
Term
| High-intensity exercise muscle fatigue |
|
Definition
about 60 secs
build-up of lactate, H+, ADP, P, and free radicals lowers amount of cross bridges that can bind to actin |
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Term
| Long-duration exercise muscle fatigue |
|
Definition
2-4 hours in length
Build-up of free radicals, electrolyte imbalance, and glycogen depletion |
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Term
|
Definition
Spasmodic, involuntary muscle contrations
2 theories: Electrolyte depletion and dehydration theory
Altered neuromusular control theory |
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Term
| Electrolyte depletion and dehydration theory |
|
Definition
| water and sodium loss from sweating causes spontaneous contractions |
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Term
| Altered neuromusular control theory |
|
Definition
| abnormal activity in muscle spindle and golgi tendon organ fires motor neurons |
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|
Term
| Biochemical properties of muscle fiber types |
|
Definition
oxidative capacity
Type of myosin ATPase |
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Term
|
Definition
how much oxygen the muscle can receive
effected by:
number of cailllaries, mitochondria, and amount of myoglobin |
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|
Term
| Contractile properties of muscle fiber types |
|
Definition
Maximal force production
Speed of contraction
Muscle fiber efficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
| force per unit of cross-sectional area |
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|
Term
|
Definition
(Vmax)
Myosin ATPase activity |
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|
Term
| How can you type muscle fibers? |
|
Definition
Stain them with stain that detects ATPase
Lightest uses least O2, Darkest used most O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slow twitch fibers
slow-oxidative fibers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Intermediate fibers
fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fast twitch fibers
fast-glycolytic fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 50-50 fast and slow twitch fibers |
|
|
Term
| Power athlete fiber types |
|
Definition
| Higher percentage of fast fibers |
|
|
Term
| Endurance athletes fiber types |
|
Definition
| Higher percentage of slow twitch fibers |
|
|
Term
| Isometric muscle contration |
|
Definition
Muscle exerts force without changing length
pulling against immovable object
Postural muscles |
|
|
Term
| Isotonic (dynamic) muscle contraction |
|
Definition
2 types:
Concentric
Eccentric |
|
|
Term
| Concentric muscle contraction |
|
Definition
muscle shortens during force production
going against gravity |
|
|
Term
| Eccentric muscle contraction |
|
Definition
Muscle produces force but length increase
going with gravity
associated with mucle fiber injury and soreness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contraction as the result of a single stimulus |
|
|
Term
| Latent period in muscle twitch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraction period in muscle twitch |
|
Definition
Tension is developed
40 ms |
|
|
Term
| Relaxation period in muscle twitch |
|
Definition
Lasts 50 ms
Release of muscle tension |
|
|
Term
| Why is their more speed of shortening in fast fibers? |
|
Definition
SR releases Ca at a faster rate
Higher ATPase activity |
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Term
|
Definition
| More motor units or faster motor units = more force |
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Term
|
Definition
ideal length for force generation
increased cross-bridge formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscle loss from aging
10% muscle mass lost between 25-50yrs
40% lost between 50-80years |
|
|
Term
| What happens to muscle fiber types during aging |
|
Definition
| less fast twitch more slow twitch |
|
|
Term
| What can delay age-related muscle loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rapid loss of muscle mass
50% of cancer patients
20% of cancer deaths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hereditary defects in muscle protein
loss of muscle fibers and weakness |
|
|
Term
| Duchene muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
most common in childhood
progression varies based on specific disease type |
|
|
Term
| Force-velocity relationship |
|
Definition
at any absolute force, speed of movement is greater in muscle with higher percent of fast-twitch fibers
Maximum velocity of shortening is greatest at the lowest force (true for fast and slow twitch) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of muscle twitches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual contractions are fused in a sustained contraction |
|
|
Term
| Factors of force generation during muscular contraction |
|
Definition
types and number of motor units recruited
initial muscle length
nature of motor units' neural stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
as speed of movement increases, peak force generated decreases.
amount of power generated by a muscle group increases as a function of movement velocity |
|
|
Term
| Psychological factors affecting sport performance |
|
Definition
anxiety
motivation
mental preparation
personality
confidence
concentration |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Trait vs. State
-Stable situational |
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Term
|
Definition
| hard to isolate one component of most characteristics |
|
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Term
|
Definition
measurement errors
knowledge/limitations
test purpose
feedback |
|
|
Term
| Measurement in the affective domain |
|
Definition
quantitative (#'s)
Qualitative (text) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
equal response intervals
wider choice than yes/no
used in attitude inventories |
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Term
|
Definition
Potency
Activity
Evaluation |
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|
Term
| Dimensions of Kenyon's attitude toward physical activity (ATPA) |
|
Definition
social experience
health and fitness
pursuit of vertigo (thrill/excitement) |
|
|
Term
| General psychology scales |
|
Definition
self motivation inventory
profile of mood states
test of attenional and interpersonal skills |
|
|
Term
| Stages of change for exercise and physical activity (HBM) |
|
Definition
precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance |
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