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| child's weight is in the 95th percentile |
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| child's weight is greater than 85th percentile |
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| having a BMI between 25-29 |
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| a chronic inflammation in the respiratory system that makes it difficult to breathe |
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prevention to asthma that involves societal changes.
includes better ventilation of schools and homes, decreased pollution, elimination of insects, construction of more play areas |
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| prevention to asthma that involves responses targeting high risk children. includes breast-feeding, elimination of pets, dust, smoke and other allergens, and regular checkups |
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| prevention to asthma that involves prompt treatment of children with asthma. includes injections, inhalers, and hypoallergenic materials |
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The time it takes to respond to a stimulus.
is sped up (or decreases)with increased myelination in the cortices of 7-8 yr old brain |
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| the ability to concentrate on stimuli while ignoring others. is improved with the increase of myelination in the cortices of a 7-8 yr old brain |
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| The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated until it becomes automatic, or routine. Is improved with increased myelination in the cortices of a 7-8 yr old brain |
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| the potential to master a particular skill or to learn a particular body of knowledge |
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| proficiency in reading, math, writing, science, or some other subject (aka actual learning not just learning potential) |
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1. also measure achievement.
2. items selected according to culture of those who write it.
3. aptitude changes w/ development.
4. humans have multiple intelligences, some not measure on widely used tests |
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| Major criticisms of aptitude test (4) |
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| He believes there are 3 types of intelligence: Academic, Creative, and Practical |
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He says there is Musical, Spatial, Bodyily-kinestetic, and Social/Interpersonal Knowledge and Skills.
later added Naturalistic, and Existential |
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| the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations |
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1. better health.
2. Smaller families.
3. More schooling.
These are the 3 causes that make up the... |
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Thought to be related to a child
s overactive limbic system. overactive |
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| Autism and Asperger Syndrome |
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| a deficit in social understanding and communication is a common symptom of children with what 2 syndromes? |
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| Individual Education Plan (IEP) |
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| A document that specifies educational goals and plans for children with special needs |
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| Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) |
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-A legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn.
-Usually means educating them with children in a regular class, with added help, rather than in a special classroom or school |
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| Short term (working) memory |
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The component of the information processing system in which current conscious mental activity occurs.
- considering the "magic" number 7 plus or minus one (ex. remembering a phone#, grocery list, "to do" list of activities) |
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| the component of the information processing system which virtually limitless amounts of information can be store indefinitely |
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| mechanisms (selective attention, emotional regulation) that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the system |
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"thinking about thinking". the ability to evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplist it, and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task.
older children use this, younger children do not |
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| a strategy in which instruction in all school subjects occurs in the second (majority) language that a child is learning |
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| a stategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner's original language and the second (majority) language |
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| English as a second language (ESL) |
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| An approach to teaching english in which all children who do not speak english are placed together and give an intensive course in basic english so that they can be mainstreamed (i.e. educated in same classroom as native english speakers) |
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| No Child Left Behind Act (2001) |
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| a US law passed by congress in 2001 that was intended to increase accountability in education by requiring standarized tests to measure school achievement (know criticisms against) |
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1. the law undercuts learning bc it forces teachers to focus on preparation for exam rather than on more meaninful learning activities
2. fails to take local needs into consideration. these are both criticisms of what? |
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| teaching reading by first teaching the sound of each letter and of various letter combinations aka letter-sound correspondence |
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| teaching reading by utilizing current knowledge and interests with emphasis on words recognized in context aka al language-taking, listening, reading, and writing |
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| Smaller classrooms, raising teacher salaries and improving professional education, extending school hours, expanding school year, increase sport music or silent reading, support autonomous charter schools |
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| common suggestions for improving school system |
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| the way a family works to meet the needs of its members |
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1. satisfy children's physical needs
2. encourage them to learn
3. help them develop friends
4. protect their self-respect
5. provide them with a safe, stable, and harmonious home |
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| a family that consists of a father, mother, and biological children under 18. associated with higher Social Economic Status and education. Biological parents tend to be deicated to offspring. |
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- Based on externallly imposed controls (morality of constraint)
- justice and rules are conceived as unchangable properties of the world, removed from the control of people
-belief in imminent justice-if a rule is broken, punishment will be carried out immediately |
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- based on an understanding of rules and laws are somewhat arbitrary agreements that can be changed if everyone agrees
- appear when children enter middle school |
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