Term
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Definition
dysfunctional, maladaptive thoughts are the root cause of psychological problems (learning theory)
May make a person a vulnerable to psychological disorders |
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Term
| lability or labile affect |
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Definition
| affect that changes very rapidly (as in bipolar disorder) |
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Term
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Definition
prolonged and marked disturbance in mood that affect:
-feelings
-beliefs and expectations
-thoughts and verbal statements
-interaction with others |
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Term
| building block for depressive disorderss |
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Definition
-depressive symptoms that last at least 2 weeks
-ABCs affects (affect, behavior, and cognition) |
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Term
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Definition
| suicidality and neurovegetative |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| depressive disorders (mood symptoms) |
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Definition
-unremitting sadness
-hopelessness
-numbness (empty) |
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Term
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Definition
-difficulty or inability to feel pleasure
-activities and intellectual pursuits that were once enjoyable no longer are- lack of interest
-can lead to social withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pacing, hand wringing, difficulty sitting still |
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Term
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Definition
| slowed bodily movements and speech, long pauses in speaking |
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Term
| cognitive symptoms of depression |
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Definition
-feelings of worthlessness or guilt
-negative self-evaluation
-tendency to ruminate over past
-feelings of unwarranted responsibility for negative events
-self-deprecation
-poor concentration, difficulty thinking, remembering, and making decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| -mood is often persistently and abnormally upbeat or shifts inappropriately from upbeat to markedly down |
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Term
| 4 building blocks of bipolar disorders |
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Definition
1. major depressive episode
2. manic episode
3. mixed episode
4. hypomanic epissode |
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Term
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Definition
| period of at least one week characterized by abnormal and persistent euphoria or expansive mood or irritability |
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Term
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Definition
| unceasing, indiscriminate enthusiasm for interpersonal, sexual, or occupational interactions |
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Term
| during a manic episode someone may: |
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Definition
-begin projects with no skills or special training
-believe they have special relationships with famous people or superior abilities
-less need for sleep
-talk rapidly and loudly or have pressured speech
-rarely sit still |
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Term
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Definition
| thoughts that race faster than they can be said |
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Term
| those in a manic episode: |
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Definition
-be highly distractible
-have poor judgement resulting in reckless gambling, spending, or sexual behaviors
- a manic episode is briefer and ends more abruptly than a major depressive episode |
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Term
| depressive disorders: neurological factors(brain systems) |
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Definition
-frontal lobes not operating effectively
-unusually low activity in a part of the frontal lobe that has strong connections to the amygdala
-depressed brain not as able to regulate emotions
-connections to the brain areas that produce the neurotransmitter substances: dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
-lack of motivated behavior related to reduced activity in frontal and parietal lobes
-greater activity in the emotion-related limbic system
-brain areas involved in attention (thalamus) and in controlling movements (basal ganglia) are overactive |
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Term
| depressive disorders: neural communication |
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Definition
| -not caused by too much or too litlle of a neurotransmitter- arises from COMPLEX interactions among numerous neurotransmitter substances |
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Term
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Definition
(one of the oldest hypotheses) symptoms of depression arise when levels of norepinephrine become dysregulated
-brain compensates for low neurotransmitter level by increasing number of receptors |
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Term
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Definition
-focuses on the HPA axis and the role of cortisol
-excess cortisol in the blood makes the brain prone to overreacting to stress
-this reaction alters the effect of serotonin
-HPA axis increases in typical depression, but decreases in atypical depression |
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Term
| bipolar disorders (brain systems) |
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Definition
-enlarged amygdala: more active in people experiencing a manic episode
-serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate play a role |
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Term
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Definition
stress contributes to:
-1st episode
-worsening of condition
-relapse |
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