Term
1) esophagus
2) stomach
3) 1/2 duodenum
4) liver
5) gallbladder
6) pancreas
7) spleen (not actually a derivative of the gut, but shares blood supply) |
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Definition
| list the 7 structures grouped as foregut derivatives |
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Term
1) 1/2 duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum
4) cecum
5) appendix
6) ascending colon
7) 2/3 transverse colon |
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Definition
| list the 7 structures grouped as midgut derivatives |
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Term
1) 1/3 transverse colon
2) descending colon
3) sigmoid colon
4) rectum |
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Definition
| list the 4 structures grouped as hindgut derivatives |
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Term
1) esophagus
2) stomach
3) duodenum
4) jejunum
5) ileum
6) cecum
7) appendix
8) ascending, transverse, descending colon
9) sigmoid colon
10) rectum |
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Definition
| list the structures of the alimentary canal in order |
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Term
1) spleen (kinda)
2) pancreas
3) gallbladder
4) liver
all foregut |
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Definition
| list the 4 accessory digestive organs, what part of the embryonic gut tube are they derived from? |
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Term
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Definition
| double layered sheath of peritoneum |
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Term
1) structural support (suspends gut tube)
2) provides a passage for lymph, nerve, and blood vessels |
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Definition
| list 2 functions of mesenteries |
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Term
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Definition
| this divides the abdomen and pelvis into the peritoneal cavity and the extraperitoneal space |
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Term
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Definition
| which peritoneum is fused to the abdominal wall? |
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Term
| the potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum, filled with serous fluid |
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Definition
| where is the peritoneal cavity? |
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Term
anything outside the 2 peritoneal layers
(retroperitoneal space, retropubic space, and retro-inguinal space are included in this) |
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Definition
| where is the extraperitoneal space? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the site of communication between the greater and lesser sac? |
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Term
1)hepatoesophageal ligament
2)hepatogastric ligament
3)hepatoduodenal ligament
these ligaments plus the hepatophrenic ligament support/divide up the lesser omentum |
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Definition
| what ligaments connect the esophagus, lesser curvature of the stomach, and duodenum to the liver? (What structure do these ligaments support?) |
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Term
close to the right free margin: the common hepatic artery, the common bile duct, the portal vein, lymphatics, and the hepatic plexus of nerves—all enclosed in a fibrous capsule (Glisson's capsule)
close to the stomach: gastric arteries and veins |
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Definition
| what lies within the two layers of the lesser omentum? |
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Term
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Definition
| what structures spans from the esophagus to pylorus to liver, to lesser curvature? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the name of the mesentery that attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach ( from esophagus-duodenum/pylorus)? |
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Term
front: stomach, lesser omentum, gastrocolic ligament
back: pancreas, diaphragm(lower in back), aorta, splenic a & v, celiac trunk, gastropancreatic fold, left suprarenal gland, superior pole of LEFT kidney |
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Definition
| what forms the anterior/posterior walls of the lesser sac/omental bursa? |
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Term
ceiling: liver(caudate lobe) and diaphragm
floor: transverse mesocolon & transverse colon |
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Definition
| what forms the ceiling and floor of the lesser sac? |
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Term
right: liver, duodenal bulb, and IVC
left: hilum of spleen, gastrosplenic ligament, and lienorenal ligament |
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Definition
| what forms the right and left walls of the lesser sac/omental bursa? |
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Term
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Definition
| what side of the body is the "door" to the lesser sac on? |
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Term
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Definition
| what spinal level is the inferior, posterior border of the diaphragm? |
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Term
gastrocolic ligament
has l & r gastroomental arteries |
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Definition
| what ligament is between the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon? what vessels are found in it? |
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Term
all ligaments attached to the greater curvature of the stomach:
1)gastrosplenic lig
2)gastrocolic lig
3)gastrophrenic lig |
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Definition
| what ligaments divide up/form the greater omentum? |
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Term
| NO SOMATIC sensory fibers, but they still have the normal receptors for distension, ischemia, and inflammation |
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Definition
| do visceral peritoneum or mesenteries have sensory fibers? |
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Term
somatic pain (VERY SENSITIVE)
touch, cutting, tearing, temperature |
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Definition
| what is parietal peritoneum sensitive to? |
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Term
| all retroperitoneal organs are covered in parietal peritoneum and are therefore sensitive to somatic pain |
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Definition
| what kind of mesentery covers the pancreas? what is this sensitive to? |
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Term
| greater curvature, connected via gastrosplenic ligament |
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Definition
| which curvature of the stomach faces the spleen? what connects these two structures? |
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Term
| yes, the lienorenal ligament attaches it to the posterior abdominal wall (near the left kidney) |
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Definition
| does the spleen attach to the body wall? |
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Term
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Definition
| what connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall? |
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Term
1- transverse colon ( in the free margin )
2- middle colic vessels and their branches
3- lymphatics and lymph nodes
4- autonomic nerve fibers
5- extraperitoneal fatty tissue
6- left colic anastamoses with middle colic |
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Definition
| what are the contents of the transverse mesocolon? |
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Term
celiac artery
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery |
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Definition
| what are the 3 unpaired vessels that supply gut structures? |
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Term
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Definition
| what vessel off the aorta supplies foregut derivatives? |
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Term
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Definition
| what vessel off the aorta supplies midgut derivatives? |
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Term
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Definition
| what vessel off the aorta supplies hindgut derivatives? |
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Term
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Definition
| at what spinal level is the aortic hiatus through the diaphragm? |
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Term
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Definition
| what vessel (besides abdominal aorta) lies right below the aortic hiatus? |
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Term
1) common hepatic
2) left gastric
3) splenic artery |
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Definition
| what are the 3 branches off the celiac trunk? |
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Term
common hepatic branches off
1) right gastric artery
2) gastroduodenal artery
3) then becomes the proper hepatic artery |
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Definition
| describe the immediate branches (in order of blood flow from aorta) from the common hepatic artery until it changes names. (give TEXTBOOK example) |
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Term
1) supraduodenal artery
2) anterior/posterior SUPERIOR pancreaticoduodenal artery
3) right gastroomental artery |
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Definition
| what branches off the gastroduodenal artery? |
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Term
none directly, but from its branches:
liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, duodenum |
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Definition
| what organs receive blood from the common hepatic artery? |
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Term
| sends branch to distal esophagus, and does lesser curvature of the stomach from superior, anastamoses with right gastric artery |
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Definition
| what does the left gastric artery supply? what does it anastamose with? |
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Term
| spleen, greater curvature of the stomach, pancreas |
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Definition
| what organs does the splenic artery supply? |
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Term
| travels posterior to the stomach, does not branch until it passes the stomach going to the left toward the spleen. |
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Definition
| where does the splenic artery go in relation to the stomach? when does it branch? |
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Term
1)left gastro omental, then it sends 2)pancreatic branches off before reaching the spleen
3) also has short gastric arteries that curve back to the stomach |
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Definition
| what are the (direct) branches of the splenic artery? |
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Term
| left and right gastro omental arteries |
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Definition
| what vessels anastamose on the greater curvature of the stomach? |
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Term
lesser curve: L&R gastric arteries
greater curve: L&R gastroomental arteries
superior stomach supplied by left side
inferior supplied by right |
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Definition
| describe blood supply to the stomach (list vessels) |
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Term
| short gastric arteries, branched from the splenic artery |
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Definition
| what supplies the fundus of the stomach (where it's superior to the esophagus)? what branch of the celiac trunk does this? |
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Term
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Definition
| which branches of the celiac trunk supply the stomach? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is contained in the gastrosplenic ligament? |
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Term
| the celiac trunk is between the inferior border of the liver and sup. border of the pancreas, so the gastric arteries slip into the lesser omentum here and down to the lesser curvature |
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Definition
| HOW does the left gastric artery go through to supply the stomach? |
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Term
1) through omental foramen
2) through gastrocolic ligament (between greater curvature and transverse colon)
3) through transverse mesocolon after elevating the colon (inferiorly)
4) through lesser omentum (between lesser curvature and liver)
5) from greater curvature of stomach (after pulling apart greater omentum layers) |
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Definition
| list the 5 surgical approaches to the omental bursa |
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Term
through the gastrocolic ligament
1)allows wide open access to pancreas and post. body wall
2) you can cut BETWEEN the major vessels
(below gastroomental so stomach still getting supplied and also the transverse colon from below) |
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Definition
| what is the best approach to the omental bursa? why? |
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Term
forgut: T5-T9
midgut: T9-T12
hindgut: T12-L2
note: sympathetics come out the lateral horn |
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Definition
| In which spinal levels are the pre-ganglionc cell bodies for SYMPATHERIC innervation of the gut (each part: fore, mid, hind) |
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Term
foregut: greater splanchnic nerve
midgut: lesser splanchnic nerve
hindgut: least splanchnic/lumbar splanchnic |
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Definition
| the sympathetic nerves travel from their spinal cell body in named nerves, what is the name of each of these nerves in each section of the gut (fore,mid,hind)? |
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Term
foregut: celiac ganglion
midgut: superior mesenteric ganglion
hindgut: inferior mesenteric ganglion
note: postganglionic nerve fibers follow the names of the corresponding arteries |
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Definition
| where are the pre-aortic ganglia (carrying sympathetics) to the foregut, midgut, and hindgut located? |
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Term
foregut: celiac artery
midgut: SMA
hindgut: IMA |
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Definition
| what vessels do postganglionic sympathetics follow to each part of the gut? |
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Term
ventral root
->ventral rami
->white rami communicans
->sympathetic(trunk) chain ganglia
->splanchnic nerve
->SYNAPSE in pre-aortic ganglia |
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Definition
| describe the path of sympathetics from their spinal cell body to their pre-aortic ganglia |
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Term
post ganglionic sympathetics going to the BODY WALL
the symp synapse in the chain ganglia then pop out to take dorsal/ventral rami |
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Definition
| what is found in gray rami? |
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Term
greater splanchnic
the sympathetics come through the diaphram by piercing the crus of the diaphragm (in the form of splanchnic nerves) |
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Definition
| the chain ganglia of T5-T9 form what nerve in the abdomen? how do they get to the abdomen(thoracic (T) is above the diaphragm)? |
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Term
the l and r vagus nerves
->esophageal plexus
->anterior and posterior vagal trunks
-> trunks pierce diaphragm in esophageal hiatus
-> mix with sympathetics in the ganglia
->follow blood vessels to organ
NO SYNAPSE |
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Definition
| how do parasympahtetics (remember they are in the form of cranial nerve X) get to the abdomen? |
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Term
| sympathetics form these, but parasympathetics mix, so all visceral efferents. Visceral afferents (pain etc.) get mixed up in here too, but have special routes back depending on where they come from) |
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Definition
| what nerves are found in celiac, Superior mesenteric, and Inferior mesenteric plexi? |
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Term
lesser omentum ligaments:
1)hepatoduodenal- portal triad
2)hepatogastric - l&r gastric art.
3)hepatoesophageal- none
greater omentum:
4) gastrophrenic - none
5) gastrosplenic -short gastric arteries
6) gastrocolic - gastroomental a.
spleen:
7) leinorenal - splenic a&v + panc. tail
liver:
8)falciform ligament - round lig + paraumbillical veins
colon:
9) transverse mesocolon: middle colic + left colic anastamoses with middle colic
10) sigmoid mesocolon: 4 sigoid art.
other:
11) mesentery proper: SMA in root + intestinal branches to jejunum & ileum + ileal branch of ileocolic
12)mesoappendix: appendicular art |
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Definition
| list all mesenteries of the gut, and the vessels/junk that run through them |
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