Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
divides top from center sections
marked where lateral border of rectus m. intersects the costal cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
divides center from bottom sections
marked by iliac crests |
|
|
Term
| right hypochondriac section |
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
upper right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
upper middle |
|
|
Term
| left hypochondriac section |
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
upper left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
right middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
middle middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
middle left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
lower right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
lower middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tic-tac-toe division of abdomen
lower left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in porta hepatis
collects from GI tract and spleen
carries blood to liver
deep-ish in abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dumps to axillary -> subclavian -> brachiocephalic -> IVC
drains the serratus ant. and pec. major |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dump directly to IVC
run along inside of posterior abdominal wall
lumbar equivalents of posterior interosseus vv. |
|
|
Term
| superficial epigastric vein |
|
Definition
eventually goes to IVC
different path for L and R |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
follow falciform ligament in liver and extend onto anterior plexus
originates in portal vein
emerges through umbilicus
vv. in caput medusa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liver disease leads to increased blood in the paraumbilical vv. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located lower back region
parallel the intercostal aa.
usually four on each side
direct branches from aorta |
|
|
Term
| inferior epigastric artery |
|
Definition
supplies rectus abdominis m.
branch of external iliac a.
anastomoses with superior epigastric a. |
|
|
Term
| superior epigastric artery |
|
Definition
supplies rectus abdominis m.
one of the terminal branches of the internal thoracic a.
anastomoses with inferior epigastric a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ventral primary rami of T12
innervates transversus abdominis, internal obliques, rectus abdominis
sensory innervation to skin over hip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superior branch of L1 ventral primary rami
rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
sensory to skin below umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inferior branch of L2 VPR
transversus abdominis, internal oblique, rectus abdominis
passes through inguinal canal to provide sensation to genitalia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pelvic region above the pelvic brim |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pubic crest, pubic tubercle, pectineal line, arcuate line of ilium, sacral ala, sacral promentery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior border of the wing of ilium, superolateral margin of greater pelvis |
|
|
Term
| anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) |
|
Definition
bony projection of the iliac bone
provides attachment for inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior surface on the ala of the ilium
articulates with sacrum
covered with cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ridge runs back onto ilium
contiguous with arcuate line of ilium
part of pelvic brim |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prominent forward-projecting tubercle on the upper, medial border of pubis
attachment point for inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extends from pubic tubercle to the medial end of the pubis bone
attachment for inguinal falx and external obliques |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
part of the pubic bone
articulate with opposing pubic bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fatty layer
superficial layer of superficial fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
membranous layer
anterior deep layer of superficial fascia
can be seen on CT (thin, white line)
holds sutures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
membranous layer
posterior deep layer of superficial fascia
contiguous with Scarpa's
posterior and superior to scrotum |
|
|
Term
| superficial penile (clitoral) fascia |
|
Definition
covers penis
contiguous with Scarpa's and Colle's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
covers scrotum
contiguous with Scarpa's and Colle's
contains smooth m. fibers
gives it the wrinkled look |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collections from everything above "watershed" line
also collects from testes |
|
|
Term
| superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
|
Definition
collects from everything below "watershed" line
scrotum, penis, labia
[NOT TESTES] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse porcess of L5 to iliac crest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior surface of lateral sacrum to the margin of auricular surface of ilium
enforces nearly motionless sacral-ilium joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka Cooper's ligament
extension of lacunar ligament
runs on pectineal line of pubic bone
holds sutures
thickening of peritoneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
connects two pubic bones superiorly
extends laterally as far as pubic tubercles
very strong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ASIS to pubic tubercle
free lower border of external oblique m.
opens inferiorly to form superficial inguinal ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects inguinal ligament to pectineal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: ribs 5-12
insert: linea alba, pubic tuberl, ASIS
most superficial muscle of anterolateral wall
lateral portion muscle, central/anterior portion tendon
lower border is the inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fibrous midline structure
xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
formed by fusion of aponeurosis of abdominal mm.
separates left and right abdominal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
insert: ribs (costal cartilage), linea albo, pubic symphysis, pubic crest
flank m.
central, ant. inf. forms part of conjoing tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
joining of aponeurosis of internal oblique with transversus aponeurosis
fusion near anterior, inferior parasagital (near pubic symphysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: thoracolumbar fasica, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilages
insert: linea alba, pubic crest
tendon contains arcuate line of abdominal wall
contributes portion to conjoint tendon |
|
|
Term
| arcuate line of abdominal wall |
|
Definition
1-2" below umbilicus in tendon of transversus abdominis m.
slit in aponeurosis allows rectus m. to pass P to A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: pubis
insert: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum
contains insertion fibers that divide the muscle into 4 or 5 bellies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral border of rectus abdominis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2/3rds distance between umbilicus and ASIS
approximate position of appendix |
|
|
Term
| functions of abdominal mm. |
|
Definition
stabilize trunk
provide flexion
lateral flexion
torsion
abdominal compression |
|
|
Term
| inguinal canal (general description) |
|
Definition
| tunnel, runs obliquely, connects superficial and deep inguinal rings |
|
|
Term
| contents of inguinal canal |
|
Definition
ilioinguinal n. (L1 branch)
(M) spermatic cord
(F) round ligament of uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superior border of canal "entrance"
midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle
oval form, long axis vertically oriented
bounded transversalis fascia (above and lateral) and inferior epigastric vessels (below and medial) |
|
|
Term
| superficial inguinal ring |
|
Definition
inferior border of canal, "exit"
triangular
is formed by a hole in aponeurosis of external oblique and crest of pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located superiro to superficial ring of inguinal canal
prevents banana peeling of canal coverings
series of curved tendinous fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral border of superficial inguinal ring
formed by portion of inguinal ligament
strong crus of superficial inguinal ring
ASIS is considered part of this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
medial border of superficial inguinal ring
broad, thin, flay band
attaches to front of pubic symphysis
interlaces with lateral crus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaches to caudal end of gonads (ovary or testes) and guide descent during development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extension of peritoneum that helps push through the anterior wall to form spermatic cord
mostly degenerates, leaving behind tunica vaginalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distal remnant of processus vaginalis
pouch of serous membrane
invests the anterior and lateral surfaces of the testis |
|
|
Term
| internal spermatic fascia |
|
Definition
derived from transversalis fascia
formed during descent of testis during development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
derived from internal oblique tendon
formed during descent of testis during development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
derived from internal oblique muscle
can raise and lower scrotum
formed during descent of testis during development |
|
|
Term
| external spermatic fascia |
|
Definition
derived from external oblique tendon
formed during descent of testis during development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral border of rectus abdominis
inguinal ligament
inferior epigastric artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usdescened testes at puberty
low androgen level
4% full term males
30% premature males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
accumulation of serous fluid around one or both testis
within tunica vaginals or processus vaginalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| processus vaginalis does not degenerate and remains open to superior peritoneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells in processus vaginalis reactivate and create a cyst between testis and above peritoneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tunica vaginalis over excretes serous fluid and creates a cyst near the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intestines come through when congenital hydrocele present
enteres through deep ring (lateral to Hesselbach's triangle)
can proceed all the way thru canal to scrotum or labium majora |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enters inside of Hesselbach's triagle
medial to epigastric artery
failure of conjoint tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remnant gubernaculum between ovary and uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remnant gubernaculum between uterus and external genitalia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when processus vaginalis does not properly degenerate in female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting efferent ductules from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
male gonad
homolog of ovary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
receives spermatozoa via efferent ducts of the mediastinum testis
thin myoepithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thicker myoepithelium than head region
involved in absorbing fluid to make sperm more concentrated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport sperm from epididymis in anticipation of ejactulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blind-ended sacs from epididymis
expect 3-4 normal
function unknown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10 to 20
transmit sperm from rete testis to epididymis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organized seminiferous tubules (2-300)
glandular structure of testis
conical in shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near lower extremity of the testis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extensions of the tunica albuginea
separate the lobules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tough covering of testis, white in color
give rise to the mediastinum testes and septae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
network of delicate tubles located in the mediastinum testis
carries sperm form seminiferous tubules to the efferent ductules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
site of meiosis and creation of gametes
contain Sertoli cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tall, columnar, cells line line the seminiferous tubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
of genitofemoral nerve
L1, L2 origins
motor to cremaster m. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of inferior vesical a.
supplies the vas deferens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch from inferior epigastric a.
supplies cremaster m. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
network of small veins in spermatic cord
drains testis in male and ovaries in female
rises up cord --> testicular a (ovarian a.) --> IVC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by cysts in rete testis, efferent ductules and head of epididymis
cysts are distended with milkly fluid that contains sperm
asymptomatic except when large, causing testicular discomfort
can be transilluminated
Causes: epididymitis (infection), tubule diverticula that swell over tiem from spermatogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduced venous return from testes via pandiform plexus
results in the enlargement of veins (looks and feels like bag of worms)
most common on left
usually develops slowly
usually no symptoms
common cause of infertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spermatic cord gets twisted around the blood vessels, cutting of testicular bloody supply
mostly 12-18 y/o
usually sports injury related --> causes creamster m. to spasm
immediate paig
requires immediate treatment to save testis
Tx: untwist and suture to scrotal wall to prevent recurrence |
|
|
Term
| testes and epididymis lymph drainage |
|
Definition
drain to lumbar lymph nodes
(special exception) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the intra-abdominal organ
composed of mesothelium and supported by connective tissue
supports abdominal organs and serves as conduit for blood and lymph vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| completely invests and organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lines the abdominal cavity
includes mesenteries, ligaments, coverings of retroperitoneal organs, and abdominal walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fold of peritoneum connecting stomach with other abdominal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior covering of abdomen proper
attaches to greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon
consists of 4 layers
policeman of abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
connects lesser curvature of stomach to hepatis portis of liver
made by joining of hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
has opening for greater/lesser sac communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fold of peritoneum that attaches an intra-abdominal organ to the posterior wall of the abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double layer of peritoneum connects a organ to another organ or to the abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
from liver to anterior abdominal wall
separates right and lift anatomic lobes of liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
from lesser curvature of stomach to liver
portion of the lesser omentum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
from liver to first part of duodenum
is the right, thickened part of the lesser omentum
contains portal triad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from stomach to inferior diaphragmatic surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from stomach to hilum of spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from stomach, as greater omentum, to transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| splenorenal (leinorenal) ligament |
|
Definition
| from spleen to left kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from left flexure of transverse colon to diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covered all the way (or almost) by peritoneum layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covered only on one side by periotoneum layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opening between lesser sac and greater sac in the lesser omentum
aka epiploic foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
houses median umbilical ligament
urachus remnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primitive bladder during gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| house obliterated umbilical arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| houses inferior epigastric vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
comes off the aorta 1cm below diaphragm
T12 level
largest diameter of aorta branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of celiac trunk
supplies superior lesser curvature of stomach
gives off esophageal arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branches of left gastric artery
supplies distal esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of celiac trunk
runs along top of pancreas
very tortuous
gives off dorsal and great pancreatic arteries, short gastric aa, and left gastroepiploic arter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of splenic artery
supplies body and tail of pancreas
anastomoses with superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries and inferior pancreatic artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of splenic artery
supplies body and tail of pancreas
anatomoses with inferior pancreatic artery and caudal pancreatic artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of splenic artery
supply fundus of stomach |
|
|
Term
| left gastroepiploic artery |
|
Definition
branch of splenic artery
Aka left gastro-omental artery
supplies greater curvature of stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of celiac trunk
gives off gastroduodenal artery then becomes the proper hepatic artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch off the common hepatic artery
gives off superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, retroduodenal artery, and right gastroepiploic artery |
|
|
Term
| superior pancreaticoduodenal artery |
|
Definition
branch of gastroduodenal artery
has anterior and posterior branches
supplies most of duodenum and pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka supraduodenal artery
branch of gastroduodenal artery
supplies duodenum |
|
|
Term
| right gastroepiploic artery |
|
Definition
branch of gastroduodenal
aka right gastro-omental artery
supplies greater curvature on right side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
continuation of common hepatic artery after giving off gastroduodenal a.
gives rise to right gastric artery, right hepatic artery and left hepatic artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of proper hepatic artery
much smaller than left gastric artery
runs in greater omentum to supply lesser curvature of the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of proper hepatic artery
gives rise to cystic artery
supplies right physiologica lobe of liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of right hepatic artery
supplies the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of proper hepatic artery
supplies left physiologica lobe of liver |
|
|
Term
| cardiac notch (of stomach) |
|
Definition
| junction of esophagus and fundus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| initial stomach area where esophagus enters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small curve of stomach on right side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
circular smooth m. sphincter between stomach and duodenum
regulates chyme flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inferior, distal portion of stomach
divided from body by the angular incisure line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dome-shaped part of stomach
superior, proximal
separated from body by the cardiac notch line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
middle part of stomach
marked inferiorly by angular incisure and superiorly by cardiac notch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening between stomach and duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small notch on stomach on lesser curvature near pyloric end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dimple on greater curvature
1/2 the way of pyloric canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intial pyloric part of stomach, proximal to pyloric sphincter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
convoluted topography of stomach
folds in mucosal layer
increases SA for increased secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger curve of stomach on the left side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lesion on the lining of the stomach or duodenum
abdominal (epigastric) pain, nausea, vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common cause of peptic ulcers
secretes enzymes that neutralize acid
ammonia by-product and bacterial cytokines kill epithelial lining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phrenico-esophageal ligament |
|
Definition
| keeps esophagus and stomach junction in same plane as diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| esophagus and stomach junction; phrenico-esophageal ligament |
|
|
Term
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
|
Definition
physiologic, not anatomic
failure of sphincter associated with heart burn
no muscles
open and closes by diaphragm movement and stomach pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
part of stomach herniates out of gastroesophageal junction
due to failure of phrenico-esophageal ligament
medical emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
failure of phrenico-esophageal ligament
gastroesophageal junction rises just above diaphragm
results in LES not closing properly and acid in the esophagus
not a medical emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior, 1st part of duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
injection port for pancreatic juices into duodenum
located in 2nd part of duodenum |
|
|
Term
| descending part (of duodenum) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
injection port for bile and pancreatic juices
located in second part of duodenum |
|
|
Term
| horizontal part (of duodenum) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ascending part (of duodenum) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by tension in suspensory ligament of duodenum
part of ascending duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka suspensory ligament of duodenum
marks juction of duodenum and jejunum
tension causes the duodenal-jejunal flexure
contains skeletal m. (diaphragm), peritoneum (posterior wall), and smooth m. (gut tube) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
courses down from gallbladder & liver through the head of pancrease
merges with main pancreatic duct
travels with MPD to greater duodenal papilla
part of the portal triad |
|
|
Term
| main/chief pancreatic duct |
|
Definition
run through body and tail, dives inferior at head into uncinate process
joints with common bile duct to drain into greater duodenal papilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
derivative of ventral pancreas during development
inferior-most portion of pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right-most superior portion of pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle superior portion of pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| left-most superior portion of pancreas |
|
|
Term
| accessory pancreatic duct |
|
Definition
branches off of main pancreatic duct at junction of head and body
drains to the lesser duodenal papilla |
|
|
Term
| exocrine function of pancreas |
|
Definition
| secretion of digestive enzymes into gut |
|
|
Term
| endocrine function of pancreas |
|
Definition
| secretion of insulin and glucagon into blood stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplies tail of pancreas
anastomoses with great pancreatic a. and inferior pancreatic a. |
|
|
Term
| inferior pancreatic artery |
|
Definition
supplies body of pancreas
anastomoses with dorsal, great, and caudal pancreatic aa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ventral migration of ventral pancreatic bud during development (pancreas surrounds duodenum)
can results in duodenal stenosis (obstruction via constriction)
fix: surgery to free duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disconnect digestive tract after cardium of gomach
reattach lower to jejunum to maintain food flow, but bypas stomach to decrease caloric intake
attach lower duodenum into lower jejunum to maintain enzymatic juice flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removal of part of pancreas, the duodenum, and the gallbladder
attach remaining pancreas to start of jejunum to maintain enzyme flow
attach pyloric region of stomach to part of jejunum to maintain food flow
attach common bile duct to jejunum to maintain bile flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smooth muscle bag
stores and secretes bile on demand
bile helps with fat metabolism
contracts to secrete bile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bile duct between gallbladder and common bile duct
has spiral folds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
part of gallbladder
bulb shape, points anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| hepatopancreatic ampulla (vater) |
|
Definition
| place of mixing for bile and pancreatic juice before entering the graat duodenal papilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surrounds hepatopancreatic ampulla
regulates flow of pancreatic juices and bile into duodenum |
|
|
Term
| right and left hepatic duct |
|
Definition
| drain bile from liver respective physiolgic lobes to the common bile duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sphincter of bile duct
regulates flow of bile into ampulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
later: cystic duct
medial: common bile duct
superior: liver
contains: right hepatic artery, cystic artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
75% right hepatic, posterior to bile duct
13% right hepatic, anterior to bile duct
6% left hepatic, anterior to bile duct
2.5% gastroduoneal, anterior to bile duct
2% proper hepatic, anterior to bile duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
white to yellow
too much cholesterol/unit detergent
undissolved and clumped cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brown to black
bilirubin build up and combine with other bile components |
|
|
Term
| right anatomic lobe of liver |
|
Definition
| right of falciform ligament |
|
|
Term
| left anatomic lobe of liver |
|
Definition
| left of flaciform ligament |
|
|
Term
| caudate anatomic lobe of liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| quadrate anatomic lobe of liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left physiologic lobe of liver |
|
Definition
| left anatomic lobe + caudate + quadrate |
|
|
Term
| right physiologica lobe of liver |
|
Definition
| right anatomic lobe - caudate - quadrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single layer of peritoneum that reflects off the surface of the diaphragm to cover superior liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joining of coronary ligaments to form double layer of peritoneum and divides the right and left anatomical lobes |
|
|
Term
| right triangular ligament |
|
Definition
| extension of the coronary ligament that comes to a point on the right, superior part of the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extension of the coronary ligament that comes to a point on the left, superior part of the liver |
|
|
Term
| round ligament of the liver |
|
Definition
remnant of fetal umbilical vein
degenerative piece of ligament that extends from the free end of the falciform ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
remnant of ductus venosum that bypassed liver during fetal development
usually attached to left branch of portal vein within the porta hepatis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
right, middle, left
drain directly to IVC
hold liver and IVC close |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
joins to splenic v. to form the portal v.
drains blood from small intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variable in placement and drainage entrance to portal system
drains blood from large intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
joins with SMV to form portal v.
drains blood from the spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
board and short, 3" long
where splenic and SMV meet
intersegmentally supplies functional segments of the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disorder of the structure of the liver from continuing liver damage over a prolonged period of time
can cause blockage of portal system backup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alcholism, prolong hepatitis (B,C,D) infection, autoimmune liver disease, excess iron, obesity |
|
|
Term
clinical signs of cirrhosis
(reroutes) |
|
Definition
reroute to left gastric v --> esophageal varices
reroute to paraumbilical vv --> caput medusae
reroute to superior rectal v. --> internal hemroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
largest lymphatic organ
eliminates senescent and damaged cells from circulation
filters antigens in blood
posterior, under rib cage, T10 ICS |
|
|
Term
| superior mesenteric artery |
|
Definition
supplies midgut derivatives
comes off aorta about 1cm below CT
found near pancreas and duodenal felxure
gives rise to inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, middle colic artery, right colic artery, ileocolic artery, and intestinal arteries |
|
|
Term
| inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery |
|
Definition
branch of SMA
anterior and posterior branches
anatomoses with superior pancreaticoduodenal aa.
supplies head of pancrease and part of duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of SMA
supplies majority of transverse colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of SMA
supplies most of ascending colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of SMA
supplies inferior portion of ascending colon and cecum via branches
give rise to colic branch and ileocecal branch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of ileocolic artery
supplies lower ascending colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of ileocococic artery
supplies cecum and appendix via branches
give rise to cecal arteries and appendicular artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of ileocecal branch
anterior and posterior branches
supply the cecum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of ileocecal branch
supplies the appendix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka jejunal and ileal arteries
branches of the SMA
supply jejunum and ileum via arcades and vasa recta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loops of arteries around jejunum and ileum from the SMA
less in number in jejunum and more in ileum area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
straight arteries coming from arterial arcades in the mensentery of the jejunum and ileum
longer in jujunal area than in ileal area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka artery of Drummond
anastomotic network through branches of SMA and IMA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aneurysm of SMA
obstruction of duodenum and left renal vein
resect ligament of Treitz frees the duodenum |
|
|
Term
| jejunum (characteristics) |
|
Definition
few tiers of arterial arcades
long vasa recta
greater vascularity in intestinal wall
more plicae ciculares (circular folds)
thicker wall
fewer Peyer's patches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiple tiers of arterial arcades
short vasa recta
less vascularity in intestinal wall
fewer plicae circulares
thinner wall
more Peyer's patches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organized lymphoid nodules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
persistenc of vitelline duct (yolk sac)
fibrous cord extends from intestinal wall
Rule of 2's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rule for Meckel's Diverticulum
2% of population
2ft from ileocecal junction (in ileum)
2" long
2 times as likely in male |
|
|
Term
| incompletely obliterated vitelline stock |
|
Definition
tether's intestinal wall to abdominal wall
fibrous band remnant
causes volvulus if the intestine moves around and gets twisted around the band |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peristence of vitelline duct that is opening between intestines and abdominal wall
potential for intestinal contents or intestine themselves to come out of umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
persistance of vitellien duct that secretes serous fulid into sac
felt as a lump
painful
cyst is between intestinal wall and abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small conttrictions along large intestine that form the haustrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of saculations or outpouchings seen from outside of colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat encasing the peritoneum of the large intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
longitudinal smooth muscels
gathered into three strips
go along length of colon
merge at appendix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beginning of large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| papillose with sphincter muscle situated at junction of small and large intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fold, running from the junction of the two commissure of the ileocecal valve on either side along the inner wall of ileocecal junction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of the mesentery connecting appendix to ileum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blind-end sace connected to cecum
5-20cm in length
lymphatic structure
variable postioning |
|
|
Term
| frequency of appendix locations |
|
Definition
64% retrocecal
32% pelvic
2% lateral
1% medial
0.5% retroileal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation/infection of the appendix
begins as dull, visceral pain in umbilcal region
rupture results in sharp, well-localized, somatic pain adjacent to appenix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test for appendicitis of a pelvic appendix
supine position, flex hip and knee 90*
examiner internally rotates femur, patients tries to resist
if pain --> appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test for appendicits in retrocecal appendix
lay on left side, examiner hyperextends hip
stretches psoas muscle
if pain --> appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"telescoping intestine"
intestine folds in on itsefl
common at ileocecal junction
results in obstructed bowel and compromised blood supply
95% in children
requires surgical treatment (usually) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
twisting of intestine upon itself
midgut twisting = children (malrotation during development)
hingut twisting = adult (hypermobility of sigmoid colon with age) |
|
|
Term
| inferior mesenteric artery |
|
Definition
contained within mesentery
comes off about 4" below SMA
direct branch of abdominal aorta
gives rise to left colic artery, sigmoid arteries, rectosigmoid arteries, and superior rectal artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of IMA
has an accompanying ascending branch
supplies most of descending colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branches off the IMA
3-5
supply part of descending colon and sigmoid colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branches of the IMA
3-4
supply part of sigmoid colon and rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
continuation of IMA after giving off sigmoid arteries
supplies the rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ballooning or herniation of the circular smooth muscles along the colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infection and inflammation of herniation of the circular smooth muscles along the colon
results of a poor diet (low in fiber)
chyme dehydration --> hardder --> poop rocks --> shoved up against wall
poop rocks can be surgically removed
50% of patients over 60 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
symptoms: rectal bleeding, constipation or diarrhea (more than week), blood in stool
sessile worse than pedunculated
large worse than small |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
polyps grow directly on colon wall
spilled paint appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pathways from pelvis to upper abdomen on sides of the ascending and descending colons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral paracolic gutters as seen on CT |
|
|
Term
| vagus nerve (role in abdomen) |
|
Definition
parasympathetic
cranial nerve X
innervates foregut and midgut derivatives |
|
|
Term
foregut derivatives
(list, blood supply, APS nerve, lymph drainage) |
|
Definition
esophagus, stomach, duodenum (prox. 1/2), liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
supplies by celiac trunk
innervated by vagus nerve
lymph drainage to celiac nodes |
|
|
Term
midgut derivatives
(list, blood supply, APS nerve, lymph drainage) |
|
Definition
duodenum (distal 1/2), jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon (prox. 2/3)
SMA blood supply
vagus nerve
lymph drain to superior mesenteric nodes |
|
|
Term
hindgut derivatives
(list, blood supply, APS nerve, lymph drainage) |
|
Definition
transverse colon (dist. 1/3), splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
IMA blood supply
innervated by pelvic splanchnics
lymph drainto chyle cistern |
|
|
Term
| pelvic splanchnic (role in abdomen) |
|
Definition
parasympathetic
S2, S3, S4
innervates hindgut derivatives |
|
|
Term
| Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus |
|
Definition
parasympathetic ganglion cell network
located between circular and longitudinal muscle layers of colon |
|
|
Term
| submucosal (Meissner's) plexus |
|
Definition
parasympathetic ganglion cell network
located just beneath muscularis mucosa in colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack of Auerbach's or Meissener's plexuses
usually congenital; can be acquired
lack of parasym input --> don't move stuff along --> causes swelling upstream
Tx: resection of portion w/o parasym input |
|
|
Term
| sternal portion of diaphragm |
|
Definition
| small left and right strips that arise form the posterior surface of the xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
| costal portion of diaphragm |
|
Definition
| consists of six slips that arise from rib 7 to rib 12 and their costal cartilages |
|
|
Term
| central tendon of diaphragm |
|
Definition
insertion point of diaphragm, shaped like three leaves
partially fused with pericardium superiorly |
|
|
Term
| lumbar portion of diaphragm |
|
Definition
| arises by means of vertical columns and from arcuate ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
window into costodiaphragmatic recess
kidneys sit anterior to this
if puncture wound here, could casue pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
free inferior border of diaphragm
L1 body to L1 transverse process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
free inferior border of diaphragm
L1 transverse process to rib 12 tip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sling up and around esophagus down around aorta (continuous)
gives rise to skeletal m. in ligament of Treitz
Right: L1-L3
Left: L1-L2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opening in diaphragm
IVC passes through
usually in part of central tendon
at the T8 level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opening in the diaphragm
esophagus and vagal trunks pass through
lower esophageal sphincter
at T10 level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opening in diaphragm
aorta and thoracic duct pass through
posterior wall = T12 vertebra |
|
|
Term
| inferior phrenic arteresi |
|
Definition
supply inferior surface of diaphragm
branches off the aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: internal iium
insert: lesser trochanter of femur
nerve: femoral n. branches (L2, L3)
action: hip flexion
joins with psoas at pubic ramus to form iliopsoas m. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: lumbar vertebrae bodies, discs, and transverse processes
insert: lesser trochanter of femur
nerve: femoral n. branches (L2, L3)
joins with iliacus at pubic ramus to form the iliopsoas m. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by joining of iliacus and psoas major m. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: rib 12, lumbar vertebrae transverse processes
nervE: subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and L2,L3 VPR
action: lateral flex (unilateral), spine extension (bilateral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
somatic innervation
sits in psoas major
VPR of T12-L5
innervates lower limb and inguinal region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VPR T12
part of lumbar plexus
innervates flank mm.
innervates skin on lower abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VPR L1
part of lumbar plexus
innervates flank mm.
innervates skin to inguinal region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VPR L1
part of lumbar plexus
innervates flank mm.
innervates skin around scrotum/labia majora
enters inguinal canal, but not at deep ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VPR of L1, L2
part of lumbar plexus
genital and femoral branches |
|
|
Term
| genital branch of genitofemoral nerve |
|
Definition
VPR L1, L2
part of lumbar plexus
innervates cremaster m. |
|
|
Term
| femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve |
|
Definition
VPR L1, L2
part of lumbar plexus
innervates skin on lateral thigh
just deep to psoas then heads straing for ASIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VPR of L3, L4
part of lumbar plexus
knee extension/hip flexion
innervates skin on anterolateral thigh and medial leg
very thick; find at lateral border of psoas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VPR L2-L4
part of lumbar plexus
innervates thigh adductors
innervates skin on medial thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VPR L4, L5
part of lumbar plexus
contributes to sacral plexus (mainly sciatic)
connects lumbar and sacral plexuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stroking skin on medial side of the thigh niext to scrotum (femoral branch)
stimulates motor fibors of genital branch
results in contraction of cremaster on ipsilateral side
testis rises
mainly a pediatric test |
|
|
Term
| somatic distribution of sympathetic innervation |
|
Definition
| synapse in sympathetic chain (paravertebral ganglia) at level from which they will exit |
|
|
Term
| visceral distribution of sympathetic innervation |
|
Definition
enter and exit sympathetic chain without synapsing
emerge from gray ramus as splanchnic contribution
synapse in collateral (prevertebral ganglia) along arteries that supply the same region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
originates from T5-T9
visceral sympathetic innervation
synapses at celiac ganglia
innervates same organs as celiac trunk supplies
(some branches to SMG) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visceral sympathetic innervation
synapse site for greater splanchnic nerve
located at base of celiac trunk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visceral sympathetic innervation
originates from T10-T11
synapses at aorticorenal ganglia
innervates kidneys
(some branches to SMG) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visceral sympathetic innervation
synapse site for lesser splanchnic nerve
found at base of renal aa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visceral sympathetic innervation
originates from T12
synapses at superior mesenteric ganglia |
|
|
Term
| superior mesenteric ganglia |
|
Definition
visceral sympathetic innervation
at the root of SMA
synapse site for least splanchnic nerve
and some branches from greater and lesser splanchnics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visceral sympathetic innervation
originates form L1-L2
synapses at inferior mesenteric ganglia
innervates smooth m and glands of pelvic viscera and hindgut |
|
|
Term
| inferior mesenteric ganglia |
|
Definition
visceral sympathetic innervation
located at base of IMA
synapse site for lumbar splanchnic nerve |
|
|
Term
| referred pain from gallbladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| referred pain from liver/gallbladder |
|
Definition
| right abdomen, transpyloric plane |
|
|
Term
| referred pain from stomach |
|
Definition
| left abdomen, transpyloric plane |
|
|
Term
| referred pain from small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| referred pain from large instestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| referred pain from pancreas |
|
Definition
| epigastric/umbilical region, same area on posterior |
|
|
Term
| referred pain from bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| referred pain from kideny |
|
Definition
| lumbar/inguinal regions, similar area on posterior |
|
|
Term
| referred pain from ureter |
|
Definition
| lower inguinal regiosn to pelvic laterally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entry to recess of kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough fibrous layer surrounding the kideny |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior and posterior sections
layer of connective tissue encapsulating the kidneys and suprarenal glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure between renal fascia and renal capsules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cavity withing the kidney
contains renal pelvis, renal calyces, blood vessels, nerves, and fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made of glomeruli and convoluted portions of the renal tubules
external layer of parenchyma
surrounds the medulla
gives rise to renal columns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extensions of renal cortex
separate pyramids of medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inner layer of kidney parenchyma
descending and ascending limbs of renal tubules, collecting tubules organized into several pyramids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consist of ascending and descending limbs of renal tubules and collecting tubules
have openings into calyces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opening of pyramids into calyces
transmit urine out of pyramids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opening just outside of pyramids and papillae
join to form major calyces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed by junction of smaller minor calyces
join to form renal pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in kidney
formed by joining of major calyces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tube made of smooth muscle
propel urine from kidneys to urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recess around papilla of each renal pyramid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickened smooth m. at the base of fornix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickened smooth m. at base of calyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickened smooth m. at base of renal pelvis |
|
|
Term
| 3 constrictions of ureter |
|
Definition
renal pelvis-ureter junction
pelvic brim
entry to bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nephrolithiasis
form hardened mineral deposits in kidny
asymptomatic until they become lodged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spans the abdomen from side to side
not two separate kidneys
functions normal
1/500 people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
important surgical plane for procedures
avascular zone of kidney
cutting here minimizes bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kidney fails to migrate up during development
functions normal
also a common place for transplanted kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretes corticosteroids and androgens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of the inferior phrenic a.
supplies suprarenal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of the aorta
supplies the suprarenal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drain the suprarenal glands
right side drains to IVC
left side drains to left renal v. or left inferior phrenic v. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lymph duct dilation
collects from intestinal trunk, righ tan dleft lumbar trunks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains celiac nodes and superior mesenteric nodes
dumps to cisterna chyli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collect from stomach, spleen, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
located at base of celiac trunk on aorta |
|
|
Term
| superior mesenteric lymph nodes |
|
Definition
collect from jejunum, ileum, appendix, cecum, ascending colon, right flexure, part of transverse colon
located at base of SMA on aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains the right lumbar nodes
dumps to cisterna chyli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drains testis, kidney, suprarenal gland, and ovary
located inferior to right renal a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains the inferior mesenteric nodes and the left lumbar nodes
dumps to cisterna chyli |
|
|
Term
| inferior mesenteric lymph nodes |
|
Definition
drains part of transverse colon, left flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
located at base of IMA on aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drain testis, kidney, suprarenal gland and ovary
located inferior to left renal a. |
|
|
