Term
| abative effect (of a motivating operation) |
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Definition
| a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or even whose reinforcing effectiveness depends on the same motivating operation. For example, food ingestion abates (decreases the current frequency of) behavior such as opening the fridge that has been reinforced by food. |
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Term
| abolishing operation (AO) |
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Definition
| a motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion. |
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Term
| behavior-altering effect (of a motivating operation) |
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Definition
| either (a) an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event, called an evocative effect; or (b) a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event, called an abative effect. For example, the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced with food, such as opening the fridge, is evoked (increased) or abated (decreased) by food deprivation or food ingestion, respectfully. |
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Term
| conditioned motivating operation (CMO) |
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Definition
| a motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history. For example, because of the relation between locked doors and keys, having to open a locked door is a CMP that makes keys more effective as reinforcers, and evokes behavior that has obtained such keys. |
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Term
| establishing operation (EO) |
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Definition
| a motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer. For example, food deprivation establishes food as an effective reinforcer. |
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Term
| evocative effect (of a motivating operation) |
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Definition
| an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event whose reinforcing effectiveness depends on the same motivating operation. For example, food deprivation evokes (increases the current frequency of) behavior such as opening the fridge that has been reinforced by food. |
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Term
| function-altering effect (relevant to operant relations) |
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Definition
| a change in an organism's repertoire of MO, stimulus, and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure. Respondent function-altering effects result from the pairing and unpairing of antecedent stimuli. |
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Term
| motivating operation (MO) |
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Definition
| an environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event. |
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Term
| reflexive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R) |
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Definition
| a stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement. It is exemplified by the warning stimulus in a typical escape-avoidance procedure, which establishes its own offset as reinforcement and evokes all behavior that has accomplished that offset. |
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Term
| reinforcer-abolishing effect (of a motivating operation) |
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Definition
| a decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. For example: food ingestion abolishes (decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of food. |
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Term
| reinforcer-establishing effect (of a motivating operation) |
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Definition
| an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. For example: food deprivation establishes (increases) the reinforcing effectiveness of food. |
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Term
| surrogate conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S) |
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Definition
| a stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired. |
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Term
| transitive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-T) |
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Definition
| an environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus. |
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Term
| unconditional motivating operation (UMO) |
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Definition
| a motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history. For example, food deprivation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of food without the necessity of any learning history. |
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Term
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Definition
| (a) presenting the previously neutral stimulus (now CMO-S) without the effective MO or (b) presenting the MO as often in the absence of the CMO-S as in its presence. |
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Term
| value-altering effect (of a motivating operation) |
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Definition
| either (a) an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event, in which case the MO is an establishing operation (EO); or (b) a decrease in reinforcing effectiveness, in which case the MO is an abolishing operation (AO). For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is altered as a result of food deprivation and food ingestion. |
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