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AB Calculus
Formulas
82
Mathematics
12th Grade
05/02/2011

Additional Mathematics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Test for symmetry:

to x (x,y)-->

to y (x, y)-->

to origin (x,y)-->

Definition

to x (x,y)--> (x,-y)

to y (x, y)--> (-x, y)

to origin (x,y)-->(-x,-y)

Term
slope of secant line
Definition

average rate of change

 

f(x+Δx) - f(x) / Δx

 

y2 - y1 / x2 - x1

Term
slope of tangent line
Definition

 

instantaneous rate of change

 

lim as Δx-->0 of f(x+Δx) - f(x) / Δx

Term
lim as x--> 0 of ¦x¦ / x
Definition
DNE
Term
lim as x-->0 of 1/x2
Definition
infinity
Term
the function y=f(x) is EVEN if
Definition
f(-x) = f(x)
Term
the function y=f(x) is ODD if
Definition
f(-x) = -f(x)
Term
If the top and bottom have the same degree (AS THE LIMIT IS APPROACHING INFINITY), then...
Definition
the limit is the leading coefficient
Term
Squeeze Theorem
Definition
If h(x) < f(x) < g(x) for all x in open internal containing c, except possibly a c itself, and if the limit as x-->c of h(x) = L, then the limit as x-->c of f(x) = L
Term
lim as x->0 of sin x / x
Definition
1
Term
lim x->0 of sin x
Definition
0
Term
lim x->0 cos x
Definition
1
Term
lim x->0 of 1-cos x / x
Definition
0
Term
f(x) is continuous at c IF
Definition

i. f(c) is defined

ii. lim x->c of f(x) exists

iii. lim x->c of f(x) = f(c)

Term
3 types of discontinuity
Definition

1) jump

2)removable--hole--

3) infinite (non-removable)

Term
Intermediate Value Theorem
Definition

If f is continuous on [a,b] and k is any number between f(a) and f(b), then thre is at least one number c on (a,b) such that f(c)=k

 

 

soooo....

1) continuous, 2)between f(a) and f(b), 3) f(a) does not equal f(b)-----> then, f(c) = k

Term
limit definition of derivative
Definition
f'(x) = lim as Δx-->0 of f(x+Δx) - f(x) / Δx
Term

the derivative is:

(2 things)

Definition

-the instantaneous rate of change

-the "m" slope of the tangent line at a point

Term

product rule for derivatives

 

Definition

f(x)*g(x) =

 

f(x)g'(x) + f'(x)g(x)

Term
quotient rule for derivatives
Definition

f(x) / g(x) =

 

g(x)*f'(x) - f(x)*g'(x) / [g(x)]2

Term
derivative of sin x
Definition
cos x
Term
derivative of cos x
Definition
-sin x
Term
derivative of tan x
Definition
sec2x
Term
derivative of cot x
Definition
-csc2x
Term
derivative of sec x
Definition
secxtanx
Term
derivative of csc x
Definition
-cscxcotx
Term
average velocity
Definition
s(t2) - s(t1) / t2 - t1
Term

chain rule

d[f(g(x))]

dx

Definition

d[f(g(x))]

dx

 

=[f'(g(x))]*g'(x)

Term

double angle formula

sin2x=

Definition
sin 2x= 2sinxcos2x
Term
Rolle's Theorem
Definition

If f is continuous on [a,b] and is differenitable on (a,b) and f(a) = f(b), then there exists at least one c on (a,b) such that f'(c) = 0

 

-to find extreme max or min

Term
Mean Value Theorem
Definition

If f is continuous on [a,b] and is differentiable on (a,b), then there is a c on (a,b) such that

f'(c)=f(b) - f(a) / b - a

 

-to find instantaneous rate of change, tangent line

Term
If the top has a lesser degree than the bottom, then the limit...
Definition
goes to 0.
Term
If the top degree is greater, then the limit as x-->infinity
Definition
goes to infinity
Term
Slant Asymptotes occur if the top is one ____ degree than the bottom.
Definition
more
Term
∫cosxdx
Definition
sin x + C
Term
∫sinxdx
Definition
-cos x + C
Term
∫sec2x dx
Definition
tan x + C
Term
∫tanxsecx dx
Definition
=sec x + C
Term
∑i =
Definition

n(n+1)

2

Term

∑i2

 

Definition

n(n+1)(2n+1)

6

Term
∑i3
Definition

[n(n+1)]2

22

Term
Extreme value theorem
Definition

If f is continuous on [a,b], then f has both a min and max on the interval

 

--to find relative max and min

Term
differentials are used for:
Definition

amount of change

propgated error

exact change in tan

Term
first derivative is used to find
Definition

increasing or decreasing

max or min

critical numbers

Term
2nd derivative is used to find
Definition

concavity

points of inflection

Term
aa f(x) dx =
Definition
0
Term
ab f(x)dx =
Definition
-∫ba (f)x dx
Term
ab f(x)dx
Definition
ac f(x)dx + ∫ab f(x)dx
Term
First fundamental Rule of Calculus
Definition
If f is continuous on [a,b} and F is an antiderivative of f on [a,b], then ∫ab f(x)dx=F(b) - F(a)
Term
Mean Value Theorem for Definite Integrals
Definition
If f is continuous on [a,b], there is a c on [a,b] such that ∫ab f(x)dx = f(c)(b-a), where f(c)=length and (b-a)= width
Term

Average Value of the function f

f(c) =

Definition

f(c)= 1 ∫ab f(x)dx

b-a      

Term
Second Fundamental Rule of Calculus
Definition
d/dx ∫ax f(t)dt =f(x)
Term
Trapezoidal Rule
Definition
b-a/2n [f(x0) + 2(fx1+fx2+fx3+fxn-1) +f(xn)]
Term
lne1=
Definition
0
Term
e0=
Definition
1
Term
the derivative of ln x
Definition
1/x
Term
∫tanxdx
Definition

=-ln¦cosx¦ + C

or

ln¦secx¦ + C

Term
∫cotxdx
Definition

ln¦sin x¦ + C

or

-ln¦cscx¦ + C

Term
∫secxdx
Definition
=ln ¦sec x + tan x¦ + C
Term

the derivative of an inverse function

g'(x)=

 

Definition
1/f'[g(x)]
Term
∫cscxdx
Definition
=ln¦csc x - cot x¦ + C
Term
The derivative of ax
Definition
= axlna
Term
∫axdx
Definition
=(1/ln a)*(ax) + C
Term
the derivative of ex
Definition
ex
Term
the derivative of logax
Definition
= 1 /(x lna)
Term
∫1/u du
Definition
=ln ¦u¦ + C
Term
derivative of y=arcsinu
Definition
y'=1/ (√1-u2) du/dx
Term
derivative of y=arccosu
Definition
y'=-1/ (√1-u2) du/dx
Term
derivative of y=arctanu
Definition
y'=1/(1+u2) du/dx
Term
derivative of y=arccotu
Definition
y'=-1/(1+u2) du/dx
Term
derivative of y=arcsecu
Definition
y'=1/ (¦u¦)(√u2-1) du/dx
Term
derivative of y=arccscu
Definition
y'=-1/ (¦u¦)(√u2-1) du/dx
Term
∫du/(√a2-u2)
Definition
=arcsin (u/a) + C
Term
∫du/(a2 + u2)
Definition
=(1/a)arctan(u/a) +C
Term
∫du/(u)(√u2-a2)
Definition
=(1/a)arcsec(¦u¦/a) + C
Term
Newton's Law of Cooling
Definition

T=Cekt + room temp.

 

C=difference between object temp and room temp

Term
Formula to find the area between 2 curves
Definition
ab(top-bottom)dx
Term
disk method formula
Definition

V=∏∫abr2dx

 

-if about x-axis, dx

-if about y-axis, dy

Term
washer method formula
Definition
V=∏∫ab(outer r)2-(inner r)2
Term
Shell method for finding volume
Definition

V=2∏∫abrh(thickness)<--dx or dy

 

-dx if about y axis

-dy if about x axis

 

 

Term
arc length integral formula
Definition
L= ∫ab √(1 + (f'(x))2) dx
Term
Surface Area Formula using integrals
Definition
SA=2∏∫ab r√(1+[f'(x)]2)
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