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| Woodrow Wilson administration |
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| issued executive order which segregated federal employees |
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an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the Civil War, black people in blackface.
Minstrel shows lampooned black people as ignorant, lazy, buffoonish, superstitious, joyous, and musical |
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| one of the preeminent entertainers of the Vaudeville era and one of the most popular comedians for all audiences of his time. He was by far the best-selling black recording artist before 1920. In 1918, the New York Dramatic Mirror called Williams "one of the great comedians of the world."he became the first black American to take a lead role on the Broadway stage, |
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| Released in 1915 by DW Griffith |
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| Booker T Washington's secretary appointed special assistant to the secretary of war |
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| Black participation in the Armed Forces-World War 1 |
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| formerly the 15th New York National Guard Regiment, was nicknamed the Harlem Hellfighters and the Black Rattlers, in addition to several other nicknames. The 369th was known for being the first African-American regiment to serve in World War I. |
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| Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts |
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| Secret Information Concerning Black troops |
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| war facilitates migration of blacks from south |
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| revival begins in Georgia in 1915, hate broadens to include Jews, Catholics, Italians, and Russians |
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| From June (1919) to end of year approx 25 race riots in America- Chicago had worse of the year |
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| (Black Women-) 1895 National Association of Colored Women; in 1920, this amendment passes- Feminism 1st used |
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| published pamphlet on lynching- Walker White investigated many as a light skinned A.A. |
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| (NAACP-) he investigated many as a light skinned A.A |
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| declared Texas as statue excluding blacks from democratic primary null and void |
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| a Jamaican publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL).He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in August 1914 as a means of uniting all of Africa and its diaspora into "one grand racial hierarchy |
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| W.E.B. DuBois-Pan-Africanism |
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| founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).he was founder and editor of the NAACP's journal The Crisis. Du Bois rose to national attention in his opposition of Booker T. Washington's alleged ideas of accommodation with Jim Crow separation between whites and blacks and disfranchisement of blacks in the South, |
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| an African-American Hall of Fame jockey. competed in eleven Kentucky Derbys, becoming the first jockey to win three Derbys |
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| was an American cyclist who won the world 1 mile (1.6 km) track cycling championship in 1899 after setting numerous world records and overcoming racial discrimination. he was the first African-American athlete to achieve the level of world champion and only the second black man to win a world championship |
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| an American baseball player, manager, and pioneer executive in the Negro Leagues. perhaps the best African-American pitcher of the 1900s, also founded and managed the Chicago American Giants, one of the most successful black baseball teams of the pre-integration era. |
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| Cumberlan Willis Posey-Homestead Grays |
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| an American baseball player, manager, and team owner in the Negro Leagues, as well as a star professional basketball player and team owner. probably the first African American licensed engineer in the United States, then earned the chief engineer license and title Captain. |
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| W.A. "Gus" Greenlee-Pittsburg Crawfords |
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| an American baseball player whose pitching in the Negro leagues and in Major League Baseball made him a legend in his own lifetime. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971, the first player to be inducted from the Negro leagues. |
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| an American catcher in baseball's Negro Leagues. to be among the very best catchers and power hitters in the history of any league, including the Major Leagues, and he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972. he was known as the "black Babe Ruth." |
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| became 1st black pro football player when he signed with sheby athletic club in 1904, played 2 years until injuries forced him out after 1906 season |
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| entered Brown in 1915, played against Paul Robeson who starred for Rutgers. He played for Akron Indians in 1919- captured league championship in 1920 |
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| white Americans discover that there are black writers, artists, and intellectuals- most are centered in Harlem |
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| graduate of Atlanta University, wrote “Lift Every Voice and Sing” also wrote the autobiography of an excolored man |
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| “Father of the Renaissance” earned Ph.D from Harvard and was a professor of philosophy at Howard |
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| grandson of P.B.S. Pinchback attented University of Wisconsin, published cane in 1923 |
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| attended Tuskegee, published poetry which included Harlem Shadows and a novel Home to Harlem |
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| conventional poet- did not want to be “Negro” poet, literay editor of the crisis also published color |
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| most known black writer of period, published poetry, short stories and novels about black life, Weary Blues, The Ways of White Folk and The Big Sea |
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| was an American folklorist, anthropologist, and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance. Of her four novels and more than 50 published short stories, plays, and essays, she is best known for her 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. |
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| an African American artist best known for his style of painting. He was the first African American painter to gain international acclaim. |
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| George Baker-Father Divine |
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| was an African American spiritual leader[1] from about 1907 until his death.and he was also known as "the Messenger" early in his life. He founded the International Peace Mission movement, formulated its doctrine, and oversaw its growth from a small and predominantly black congregation into a multiracial and international church. |
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| one of the most highly regarded actors of the 1920s. He played in critical debuts in New York: in the 1919 premier of John Drinkwater’s Abraham Lincoln and played the lead role of Brutus Jones in the 1920 premier of Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones, |
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| was an African-American concert singer (bass-baritone), recording artist, athlete and actor who became noted for his political radicalism and activism in the civil rights movement.[2] The son of an escaped slave, he was the first major concert star to popularize the performance of Negro spirituals and was the first black actor of the 20th century to portray Shakespeare's Othello in a production with an all white cast. |
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| was an American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company produced some films, he is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the twentieth century[1] and the most prominent producer of race films.[2] He produced both silent films and "talkies" after the industry changed to incorporate speaking actors |
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an American jazz trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, Louisiana.
Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an "inventive" cornet and trumpet player, he was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the music's focus from collective improvisation to solo performance. |
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| Duke Ellington - Cotton Club |
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| an American composer, pianist, and big band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions. |
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| Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids |
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| organized by Phillip Randolph in 1925, will not be recognized until 1937 |
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| Black Political Shift-) 1n 1928, this black republican was elected to congress from Illinois |
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| He will be the 1st A.A. candidate to run for vice-pres as a member of the communist party in 1932 |
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| represented Harlem in the House of Rep (1945-71), during the 1930s he led housing crusade and organized boycotts and rent strikes |
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| nine black teenaged boys accused of rape in Alabama in 1931. The landmark set of legal cases from this incident deal with racism and a basic American right: the Right to a fair trial. The case includes a frameup, all-white jury, rushed trials, an attempted lynching, angry mob, and miscarriage of justice. |
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| an African American lawyer, Dean of Howard University Law School and NAACP Litigation Director who played a significant role in dismantling the Jim Crow laws and trained future Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall.Going on to become known as "The Man Who Killed Jim Crow."[3] he played a role in nearly every civil rights case before the Supreme Court between 1930 and Brown v. Board of Education (1954). |
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| was responsible for implementing much of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal" . He and Labor Secretary Frances Perkins were the only original members of the Roosevelt cabinet who remained in office for his entire presidency.He served as United States Secretary of the Interior for 13 years, from 1933 to 1946 |
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| served as the first United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (also known as HUD) from 1966 to 1968. He was the first African American to hold a cabinet-level position in the United States. As a young man, he had been one of 45 prominent African Americans appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his Black Cabinet, where he acted as an informal adviser as well as directing federal programs during the New Deal. |
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| was one the seven founders (commonly referred to as Jewels) of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity at Cornell University in 1906. became the first Executive Secretary of the National Urban League. The League, under his direction significantly expanded its multifaceted campaign to crack the barriers to black employment, spurred first by the boom years of the 1920s, and then, by the desperate years of the Great Depression |
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| was one among 45 prominent black community leaders appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to what was called his Black Cabinet, positions in numerous executive agencies and to serve as advisers during his administration. He served with the federal government until 1957. As the Director of the Division of Work among Negroes (1925-1934) in North Carolina, the first state office of its kind, he created programs which other states used as models. |
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| was an American actress. Dubbed "The Black Garbo",[1] she was one of the first African-American film stars and was one of the first African-Americans to appear on British television. |
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| was an American educator and civil rights leader best known for starting a school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida, that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University and for being an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. was also active in women's clubs, and her leadership in them allowed her to become nationally prominent. She worked for the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and became a member of Roosevelt's Black Cabinet, |
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| National Industrial Recovery Act |
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| was an American statute which authorized the President of the United States to regulate industry and permit cartels and monopolies in an attempt to stimulate economic recovery, and established a national public works program.[1][2] The legislation was enacted in June 1933 during the Great Depression as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal legislative program. Section 7(a) of the bill, which protected collective bargaining rights for unions, proved contentious (especially in the Senate),[1][3] but both chambers eventually passed the legislation and President Roosevelt signed the bill into law on June 16, 1933 |
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| Agricultural Adjustment Administration |
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| restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby a portion of their fields lie fallow. The money for these subsidies was generated through an exclusive tax on companies which processed farm products |
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| Civilian Conservation Corps |
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| was a public work relief program in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men, ages 18–25, between 1933-42. A part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state and local governments. The CCC was designed to provide employment for young men in relief families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression while at the same time implementing a general natural resource conservation program in every state and territory. |
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| Public Works Administration |
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| was part of the New Deal, or 100 hundred days plan agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes during President Roosevelt's time in office. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression. It concentrated on the construction of large-scale public works such as dams and bridges, with the goal of providing employment, stabilizing purchasing power, and contributing to a revival of American industry |
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| Works Progress Administration |
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| was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects. It fed children and redistributed food, clothing, and housing. Almost every community in the United States had a park, bridge or school constructed by the agency, which especially benefited rural and Western populations. |
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| was drafted during Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age, poverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children. By signing this act on August 14, 1935, President Roosevelt became the first president to advocate federal assistance for the elderly |
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| National Labor Relations Act- Wagner Act |
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| (1935) this guaranteed collective bargaining- established the NLRB |
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| Congress of Industrial Organizations |
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| 1n 1936, this organization tried to organize meat packing industry- many black workers. Integration limited by locals |
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| (James Cleveland Owens)born on Sept 12, 1913 in Alabama. His first- came to nation. |
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| was the world heavyweight boxing champion from 1937 to 1949. He is considered to be one of the greatest heavyweights of all time. |
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| Stepin Fetchit - Lincoln Theodore Monroe Andrew Perry |
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| Mae-West - Louise Beavers |
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| white sex symbol, had numerous black maids in her films, used blackness of servants used as a contrast to her sophisticated whiteness |
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| Shirley Temple-Bill "Bojangles" Robinson |
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| they were always accompanied: black servents were buddies. He was a black servant to her, movie history as 1st black servant, acted in The Littlest Rebel. He was the legendary tap dancer, coined the word “copasetic”, began in Vaudeville |
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| was an actor, screenwriter, director, composer, and lawyer. He was inducted in the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 1973. he was the first African American to "star" in a film. He acted for more than sixty years, and appeared in more than 150 movies. |
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(1934) examined race relations, mother daughter relationship. It starred Fredi Washington and Louise Beavers
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| was an American actress and the first African-American to win an Academy Award. She won the award for Best Supporting Actress for her role of Mammy in Gone with the Wind |
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| Gone With The Wind (1939) |
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| disappeared March 19, 1939) was the central figure in Gaines v. Canada (1938), one of the most important court cases in the U.S. civil rights movement in the 1930s. |
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| Carter G. Woodson- Journal of Negro History |
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| was an African-American historian, author, journalist and the founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History. He was one of the first scholars to value and study Black Histor. A founder of Journal of Negro History |
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| Charles H. Thompson - Journal of Negro Education |
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| DuBois- Phylon, Journal of Race and Culture |
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| He is known as "the father of black gospel music" and was at one time so closely associated with the field that songs written in the new style were sometimes known as "dorseys."[1] Earlier in his life he was a leading blues pianist known as Georgia Tom. |
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| Black Muslims- W.D. Fard - Elijah Muhammad |
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