Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AAOS A&P Chapter 2
Terms
118
Anatomy
Post-Graduate
09/21/2016

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Active Transport
Definition
Method used to move compounds across a cell member.

(To create/maintain an imbalance of charges usually against a concentration gradient)
Term
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Definition
The primary energy source for all chemical reactions in the body
Term
Adipose Tissue
Definition
Connective tissue with a large amount of fat.

(Danny is like 90 percent adipose tissue)
Term
Antecubital Fossa
Definition
Inside of the elbow
Term
Anterior Triangle
Definition
Front of the neck. Bordered by sternocleidomastoid muscle, anterior midline of the neck, and inferior border of the mandible
Term
Appendicular Region
Definition
Skeletal division including the extremities and their attachments to the body
Term
Axial Region
Definition
Skeletal division include the head, neck, and trunk
Term
Axilla
Definition
Armpit
Term
Axons
Definition
Components of the nerve cell that conduct impulses to adjacent cells
Term
Basement Membrane
Definition
Noncellular layer in an epithelial cell that anchors the overlying epithelial tissues
Term
Body Cavities
Definition
Hollow areas in the body
Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition
Striated involuntary muscle that can general electrical impulses
Term
Carotid Triangle
Definition
Area of the anterior triangle of the neck that contains the carotid artery and internal jugular vein
Term
Cell membrane
Definition
The cell wall
Term
Cells
Definition
The basic building blocks of life. Made of protoplasm (cytoplasm)
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Organelles that are essential in cell division
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
DNA containing structures that chill out in the nucleus. 23 of these in human cells
Term
Cilia
Definition
Hair-like projections on the surface of a cell
Term
Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Rows of tall, thin epithelial cells
Term
Concentration Gradient
Definition
Substances flow from high concentration areas to lower concentration areas
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
The noggin
Term
Crenation
Definition
Shrinkage of the cell that results when too much water leaves the cell through osmosis
Term
Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Rows of square-shaped epithelial cells
Term
Cytoplasm AKA Protoplasm
Definition
Gel like substance that gives most of the cells mass and suspends the cells organelles
Term
Cystol
Definition
Clear liquid portion of the cytoplasm
Term
Dendrites
Definition
Part of the neuron that receives impulses from the axon. Contains vesicles for the release of neurotransmitters
Term
DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Definition
Genetic material found on the chromosomes
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Term
Dysrhythmias
Definition
Disturbances in cardiac rhythm
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
Salt or acid substances that become ionic conductors when dissolved
Term
Electrons
Definition
Negatively charged particles (Revolve around the nucleus)
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
The uptake of material through the cell membrane by a membrane-bound droplet or vesicle formed within the cell's protoplasm
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
The release of secretions from cells that have been accumulated in vesicles
Term
Extracellular
Definition
Substances located outside the cell membrane
Term
Extracellular Fluid
Definition
Fluid outside the cell (where most of the supply of sodium is contained for the body)
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
The process where a carrier molecule moves substances in/out of cells
Term
Flagella
Definition
Tail like structures that propel the cell
Term
Fontanels
Definition
The soft spot
Term
Girdles
Definition
Where extremities attach to the body
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
A set of membranes in the protoplasm involved in the formation of sugars and complex proteins
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
Bloody fluid in the pleural space
Term
Hyperkalemia
Definition
High potassium
Term
Hypermatremia
Definition
Serum sodium level greater that 145 mEq/L
Term
HHNC
(Hyperomplar Hyperglycemic Nonketonic Coma
Definition
DM emergency occurring from insulin deficiency resulting in hypoglycemia and absence of significant ketosis
Term
Hypoglcemia
Definition
Low BG
Term
Hypokalemia
Definition
Low potassium
Term
Hyponatremia
Definition
Serum sodium level below 134 mEq/L
Term
Integument
Definition
Skin
Term
Intracellular
Definition
Substances inside the cell membrane
Term
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Definition
Fluid within the cells
Term
Ion Channels
Definition
Protein line pores or transport channels which allow electrolyte movement
Term
Lysts
Definition
Process of disintegration of cells due to excess water
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Contain a variety of enzymes function as a cells digestive system
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
Space between the lungs
Term
Meiosis
Definition
Cell division resulting in the production of sperm and ova
Term
Microtubules
Definition
Hollow structures that make up various parts of the cell
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Powerhouse of the cell. Produce ATP
Term
Mitosis
Definition
Division of chromosomes in a cell nucleus
Term
Nervous Tissues
Definition
Neurons and Neuroglia
Term
Neruoglia
Definition
Name for connective and support tissues of nervous tissue
Term
Neurons
Definition
Main functional unit of the nervous system
Term
Nonstriated
Definition
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Term
Nuclear envelope
Definition
Membrane surrounding the nucleus of the cell
Term
Nucleoli
Definition
Rounded, dense structures in the protoplasm that contain RNA and synthesize proteins
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Nerve center or central body, of the cell
Term
Organ System
Definition
Group of organs with a common purpose
Term
Organelles
Definition
Internal Structures within the cell that carry out specific functions
Term
Organism
Definition
A living thing
Term
Organs
Definition
Collection of like tissues
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Movement of a solvent through selectively permeable membranes via pressure gradient
Term
Osmotic Pressure
Definition
Measure of tendency of water to move by osmosis across a membrane
Term
Parietal Portion
Definition
Lines the walls of the trunk cavities
Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition
Region around the heart
Term
Pericardial Effusion
Definition
Collection of fluid in the pericardial sac (abnormal)
Term
Pericardial Sac
Definition
The space between the layers of the pericardium
Term
Pericardial Tamponade
Definition
Fluid restricts the heart's motion
Term
Pericardium
Definition
Membranes that surround the heart
Term
Peripheral Nerves
Definition
Nerves extending from the brain/spine to various parts of the body
Term
Peritonitis
Definition
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Cell eats a substance to destroy it
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
Cells ingest the extracellular fluid
Term
Pleura
Definition
Membranes covering the lungs and lining of the thoracic cavity
Term
Pleural space
Definition
Potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura
Term
Pleural Effusion
Definition
Excessive fluid accumulation within the pleural space
Term
Pleural Fluid
Definition
Lubricating fluid that fills the pleural space
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
Abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural space
Term
Popliteal fossa
Definition
Space behind the knee
Term
Posterior Triangle
Definition
Area of the neck containing the lynph nodes, brachial plexus, spinal accessory nerve, and a portion of the subclavian artery
Term
Protons
Definition
Positively charged particles
Term
Protoplasm (Cytoplasm)
Definition
Viscous liquid matrix that supports intracellular structures (
Term
Pseudostratified Epithelium
Definition
Uneven epithelial cells that have only one layer
Term
Remodeling
Definition
Cell renewal
Term
Retroperitoneal Organs
Definition
Kidneys, Pancreas, Duodenum and major blood vessels in the retroperitoneal space
Term
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Definition
Controls cellular activities. (Think of it as the engine of the cell)
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Organelles that contain the RNA and protein
Term
Selective Permeability
Definition
Some Disciminatin MotherF***....

Only allowing what the cell needs inside of the cell wall
Term
Semipermeable
Definition
Allowing some substances through
Term
Serious membranes
Definition
Membranes that line body cavities that lack openings to the outside
Term
Serum Osolality
Definition
The number of osmotically active particles in serum
Term
Sex Cells
Definition
Sperm and Oocytes
Term
Simple Epithelium
Definition
Single later of cells that connect with the basement membrane of the epithelial cell
Term
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Definition
Voluntary Muscle Tissue
Term
Skull
Definition
Protective vault that houses the noodle.
Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition
Involuntary, striated tissue
Term
Sodium Potassium Exchange Pump
Definition
Uses active transport to move sodium out and potassium into cells
Term
Solutes
Definition
Dissolved Particles
Term
Somatic Cells
Definition
Al of the other cells in the human body that aren't sex cells
Term
Spinal Cavity
Definition
Spinal column
Term
Spindle Fibers
Definition
Microtubules radiating from the centrioles
Term
Squamous epithelium
Definition
Flat sheets of epithelial cells
Term
Stratified epithelium
Definition
More than one layer of cells where only one is connected to the basement membrane of the epithelial cell
Term
Striated
Definition
Voluntary or Involuntary cells that have microscopic bands
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
Rapid heart rate
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
Rapid Respiratory Rate
Term
Tissues
Definition
Groups of similar cells
Term
Umbilicus
Definition
The navel
Term
Vertebral Colum
Definition
The primary support structure of the body. (Spine)
Term
Visceral Portion
Definition
The portion of a serous membrane that covers the outside of an internal organ
Supporting users have an ad free experience!