Term
| What are some examples of asexual reproduction |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two different methods of fertilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What uses external fertilization? |
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Definition
| coral, sponges, frogs, salamanders |
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Term
| Who uses internal fertilization? |
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Definition
| insects, birds, mammals, earthworms, crustations, etc |
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Term
| What are the modes of sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
| oviparity, ovoviviparity, viviparity |
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Term
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Definition
| deposition of eggs. Most common form in nature. |
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Term
| What is ovoviviparity? Who does it? |
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Definition
| Embryo grows inside the egg inside the uterus and then hatches inside the body and expelled, followed by the egg. Many fish do this. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the gonads? What do they do? |
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Definition
| the primary sex organs (testes, ovaries). Make sex hormones and gametes. |
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Term
| What glands do males have? |
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Definition
| seminal vesicles, prostate gland, calper/bulboertheral glands |
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Term
| What do the seminal vesicles do? |
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Definition
| make carbs that are the energy source for sperm. |
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Term
| What is seminal fluid made of? |
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Definition
| mainly water, buffers and fructose |
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Term
| What does the prostate gland make? |
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Definition
| about half as much seminal fluid as the seminal vesicles. |
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Term
| What muscles are in the male reproductive system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the dartos muscle do? Voluntary or involuntary? |
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Definition
| elevates the testes and causes wrinkling in the scrotal surface. involuntary smooth muscle. |
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Term
| What does the cremaster muscle do? Voluntary or involuntary? |
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Definition
| pulls tetes higher during sexual excitement or in cold water. voluntary skeletal muscle. |
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Term
| What is the function of the scrotum? |
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Definition
| protection and cooling of the testes |
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Term
| When do the testes descend? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when the testicles haven't descended? When do they have to descend by? |
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Definition
| crypto-orgadism. Must descend by age 11 in order to be fertile. |
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Term
| Why do the tests have to stay at a lower temperature than the rest of the body? |
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Definition
| sperm lacks heat shock proteins |
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Term
| What types of cells are in the male reproductive tract? |
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Definition
| seminiferous tubules, interstitial cells, nurse cells |
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Term
| What do the seminiferous tubulues do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the interstitial cells do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the nurse cells do? |
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Definition
| maintain the blood/testes barrier, protect developing sperm from the immune system, support mitosis/meiosis, secrete inhibitors, secrete androgen bidning proteins, secrete a subtance that suppresses the developing male from developing female structures |
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Term
| How do nurse cells support mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
| they control gonadotropin hormones (FSH), support spermiogenesis and provide nutrition and chemical stimuli |
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Term
| Describe the three stages of spermatogenesis? |
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Definition
| mitosis -> meiosis -> spermiogenesis |
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Term
| What's the difference btw mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
| Mitosis is a diplois parent w 2 daughter cells w the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis develops 4 daughter cells from one dilpod parent cell with a haploid (half) set of chromosomes. |
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Term
| Describe the 5 stages of spermatogenesis |
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Definition
| Mitosis: spermatogonium into a primary spermatocyte. -> Meiosis 1: DNA replication -> Meiosis 1 cont: breaks into 2 secondary spermatocytes -> Meiosis 2: 4 haploid spermatids -> spermiogenesis: physical maturation into haploid sperm |
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Term
| Where does the acrosome start working and what does it do? |
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Definition
| When the sperm reaches the fallopian tube. It helps break through into the egg. |
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Term
| How many seminiferous tubules are in each testes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the egg and sperm make when their nuclei fuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cylinders of spongy erectile material in the penis? |
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Definition
| corpora cavernosa (2) and the corpus spongiosum. |
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Term
| What allows blood vessels in the penis to dilate and let it fill w blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pulls the egg into the fallopian tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if the egg is fertilized outside of the fallopian tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the layers of the uterus? |
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Definition
| the endometrium, perimetrium and myometrium |
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Term
| Which layer of the uterus engorges during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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