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Definition
| very resistant calcified tissue that is attached to bone |
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| mechanical tools used to increase surface area of ingested foods |
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| tooth structure (oustide in) |
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Definition
| crown, root, enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, gingiva |
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Definition
| outer portion of tooth that extends above the gums |
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Definition
| portion of tooth below the gums |
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| where crown and root meet |
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| very hard surface layer of teeth |
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| provides a resistant surface to prevent wear of tooth |
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| ground sections finely striated material; H&E decalcified very light staining striations |
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Definition
-95% hydroxyapatite
-4.5% H20
-0.5% organic materials: amelogenins enamelins (not collagen) |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of giant elongated rods of hydroxyapatite crystals bounded by interrod enamel matrix that extend the full thickness of layer |
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Definition
specialized epithelial cells that secrete enamel
-elongated columnar epithelial cells that line the upper portion of the enamel organ during tooth development
-cells destroyed by the tooth eruption process
-it is possible to wear down the enamel of the tooth |
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Term
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Definition
| calcified material that makes up the bulk of the tooth |
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Definition
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| ground sections darkly striated material; H&E decalcified light striated layer |
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Definition
-70% hydroxyapatite
-25% type I collagen
-5% GAGs and glycoproteins |
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Term
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Definition
-cells that secrete dentin
-found in interior surface of dentin or outermost region of the pulp
-mesenchyme-derived cell with an elongated shape and has very fine long processes that traverse the dentin
-odontoblasts are present throughout life and continually add dentin to the tooth |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost connective tissue layer of teeth |
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Definition
| provides nutrition to odontoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| H&E loose connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
-odontoblasts line outermost layer
-fibroblasts synthesize the ECM found in pulp
-contains many capillaries
-nerve fibers responsible for tooth pain |
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Definition
| hard bone-like layer that covers the dentin of the root |
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Definition
| protect the dentin of the root, site of attatchment of periodontal ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| H&E decalcified and ground sections is similar to very dense bone |
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Definition
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Term
| cementoblasts/cementocytes |
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Definition
| specialized cells that secrete cementum. can be found on surface of cementum as well as in lacunae |
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Definition
| unique CT that is found between cementum and bone |
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Term
| function of periodontal ligament |
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Definition
| connects tooth to bone, also shock absorber for tooth |
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Term
| appearance of periodontal ligament |
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Definition
| H&E shows an active CT layer with many fibroblasts, small collagen bundles and abundant capillaries |
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Term
| matrix of periodontal ligament |
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Definition
| high turnover rate of Type I collagen, affected by diseases that influence collagen production, such as scurvy |
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Term
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Definition
bone that lines the tooth socket
-bone remodeling and resorption process is regulated here
-shock absorption by periodontal ligament prevents stresses of chewing food from producing a lot of osteoclast activity.
-ossteoclast activity can be induced in the orthodontic procedures by directing force on a tooth
-this results in movement to tooth through bone |
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Term
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Definition
| holds teeth and connects with rest of skeleton |
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Term
| appearance of alveolar bone |
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Definition
| bone with many osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| gums, mucous membrane that surrounds teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| covering of the bones of the jaw serves to protect the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelia and underlying loose connective tissue. |
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Term
| epithelial attachment to teeth of gingiva |
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Definition
| epithelia linked to enamel by hemidesmosomes. The epithelia is thick over bones but thin in region of the peridontal space |
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Term
| tooth development (4 steps) |
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Definition
1. initiation
2. invagination stage
3. maturation stage
4. tooth eruption |
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Term
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Definition
Tooth development begins from a specialized region of oral ectoderm called a placode
Ectomesencyme-resides underneath the placode
Tooth development is driven by a series of signals passed between epithelial structures and the underlying mesenchyme |
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Term
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Definition
| resides underneath placode |
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Term
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Definition
Enamel organ- main invagination of ectoderm has two surfaces outer and inner enamel epithelium
Dental papilla- condensation of ectomesenchyme along inner enamel epithelium
Bud of permanent tooth formed by out growth of invaginated epithelia |
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Term
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Definition
initial production of the matrix that will become teeth
Ameleoblasts differentiate from the inner enamel epithelium and begin producing enamel. At this stage enamel is mostly organic matrix.
Ondontoblasts differentiate from dental papilla cells begin producing dentin. |
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Term
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Definition
The production of dentin pushes the tooth through the enamel organ destroying this tissue.
When permanent teeth erupt the enamel organ directs an ostoeclast-mediated resorption of the root of the overlaying deciduous tooth.
Humans have 20 deciduous teeth and 32 adult teeth. The adult molars are developed from cellular migrations from the terminal permanent tooth bud. |
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Term
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Definition
The glycoprotein components of saliva are deposited on teeth and this provides nutrients for aerobic bacteria to grow. If undisturbed a lawn of bacteria will grow over the base of the tooth.
If plaque is not removed, it continues to accumulate and in the bottom layer produces conditions favorable to the growth of gram negative anaerobic bacteria.
As gram negative bacteria multiply they release lipid metabolites that trigger necrosis in the gingiva surrounding the base of the tooth surrounding cells and this triggers inflammation. The inflamed tissue is called gingivitis
If gingivitis is unchecked, it leads to degradation of the periodontal ligament beneath the gingiva and the opening of a pocket along the root of the tooth. Ultimately this produces conditions where there is bacterial growth in the region between the teeth. and the recruited lymphocytes produce growth factors that recruit and activate osteoclasts, which in turn degrade cementum and the bone of the tooth socket. Ultimately, the compromised periodontal ligament and eroded bone socket lead to tooth loss. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what type of bacterium is responsible for gingivitis and periodontal disease? |
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Definition
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| what are the functions of the gingiva and periodontal ligament |
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Definition
gingival: protect bone
periodontal ligament: connects tooth to bone, shock absorption |
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Term
| in gum disease, what triggers inflammation of the gingiva and periodontal ligament? |
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Definition
| lipids on the cell wall of the gram negative bacteria trigger necrosis of cells which leads to inflammation |
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Term
| what can be done to prevent gingivitis? |
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Definition
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