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| organization of living systems |
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| organisms made up of many cells that work together |
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| the basic structureal and functional unit of all living things |
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| single celled organisms that either live independently, or as colonies |
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| specific organs work together |
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| a species in a particular area |
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| a community plus its physical environments |
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| regions of the earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by organisms |
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interactions between the parts making up the whole
follows the basic laws of physics and chemistry |
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| the capacity to do "work" |
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| all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
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| the ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on earth |
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| process where plants and certain other organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy |
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| a state of biological balance maintained by the organisms control mechanisms |
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| organisms' interaction with the environment and other living things |
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| collective responses of an organism |
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| the ability of every organism to give rise to another organism like itself |
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instructions for an organism's organization and development
comprised of long molecules of DNA |
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DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) |
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Definition
| the genetic code in all living things |
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| random combination of sperm and egg and mutations |
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| modifications that make organisms better able to function in an environment |
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| changes in organisms to better adapt to their environment over long periods of time |
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| the discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules. |
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| the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms |
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classification categories
(least inclusive to most inclusive) |
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| species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain |
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| species share many specific characteristics and are the most closely related |
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| general characteristics with one another |
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contain unicellular prokaryotes
adapted to live almost anywhere |
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contain unicellular prokaryotes
can live in water devoid of oxygen
able to survive harsh environmental conditions |
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eukaryotes that have a membrane-bound nucleus
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Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animals |
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| range from unicellular forms to multicellular forms |
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| multicellular photosynthetic organisms |
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| multicellular organisms that ingest and process their food |
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a two-part scientific name
the genus (first,capitalized)
the specific category of species |
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Definition
the process by which species become modified over time
organisms inherit a genetic change that makes them better suited to a particular environment |
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| the zone of air, land, and water where organisms exist |
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| all members of one species in a particular area |
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| all of the local interacting populations |
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all aspects of a living community and the physical environment
chracterized by chemical cycling and energy flow
stay in existence becaurse of solar energy and the ability of photosynthetic organisms |
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| interactions between various food chains |
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| modifies existing ecosystems which can upset their natural nutrient cycles, causing harm to human populations and disrupting the ecosystem's natural energy flow |
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| Destruction of ecosystems |
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| unintended effects including loss of food, medicine, raw materials and extinction of organisms |
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| the total number of species, their variable genesm and their ecosystems |
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| the death of a species or a larger group |
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| the scientific study of life, and consists of many disciplines |
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| differs from other ways of learning in that science follows the scientific method |
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| characterized by observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and data collection and the conclusion |
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| allows a person to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole |
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| a possible explanation for a natural event |
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| involves either conducting an experiment or making further observations |
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| involves "if, then" logic to make a prediction |
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| is proposed to test the hypothsesis in a meaningful way |
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| goes through all the steps of an experiment but is not exposed to the factor being tested |
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| a representation of an actual object |
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the results of an experiment and are observable
often displayed in a graph or table |
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a statistical analysis that is a measure of how much the data in the experiement varies
determines the probability of error in the experiment |
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| whether the data support or rejects the hypothesis |
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| concepts that join supported, related hypothesis, and are supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data |
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| a theory that is generally accepted by most scientists |
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| experimental (independent) variable |
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Definition
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responding
(dependent) variable |
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| the result, due to the independent variable |
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| benefits of statistical studies |
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Definition
| basis for supporting null or alternative hypothesis, gaining information and insights into problems scientists are trying to solve |
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| limitations of statistical studies |
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Definition
data collected supports correlations, not causations
there are always additional details that could be identified and quantified |
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