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| Understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent and meaningful design for living. |
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| A postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple lives with (or near) the wife's mother. |
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| A postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple lives with (or near) the husband's father. |
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| A postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple lives with (or near) the husband's mother's brother. (from avuncular, "of uncles") |
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| A marriage pattern in which a person may be married to only one spouse at a time. |
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| A marriage pattern in which a woman may be married to more than one husband at a time. |
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| A marriage pattern in which a person may be married to more than one spouse at a time. |
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| Stories whose truth seems self-evident because they do such a good job of integrating personal experiences with a wider set of assumptions about the way society, or the world in general, must operate. |
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| An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide. |
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| Nationalism/Nation Building |
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| The attempt made by the government officials to instill into the citizens of a state a sense of nationality. |
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| "correct doctrine"; the prohibition of deviation from approved mythic texts. |
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| The method anthropologists use to gather information by living as closely as possible to the people whose culture they are studying while participating in said culture's life/activities as much as possible |
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| The persuasion of subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant group by mutual accommodations that nevertheless preserve the rulers' privileged position. |
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Play is a form of behavioral openess: the ability to think/speak/do different things in the same way, or the same thing in different ways. Permits reflexive consideration by setting up an alternate reality which suggests that perspective of ordinary life is only one way to make sense of the situation.
(Fuck my life with this one if you're ambitious try to learn definition beneath too)
A framing (or orienting context) that is 1. consciously adopted by the players. 2. somehow pleasurable, and 3. systemically related to what is nonplay by alluding to the nonplay world and by transforming characteristic of the nonplay world. |
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| Political Anthropology is the study of social power in human society. It consists of "social relations involving authority or power" and refers to the regulation of public affairs within a political unit, and to the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply policy. |
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| The view that there is a reality "out there" that can be known through the senses and that there is a single, appropriate set of scientific methods for investigating that reality. |
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| Transformative capacity; the ability to transform a given situation. |
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| A human population category whose boundaries allegedly correspond to distinct sets of biological attributes. |
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The exchange of goods and services of equal value. Three forms;
generalized in which neither the time nor the value of the return is specified.
balanced in which a return of equal value is expected within a specified time limit.
negative in which parties to the exchange hope to get something for nothing. |
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| A mode of exchange that requires some form of centralized social organization to receive economic contributions from all members of the group and to redistribute them in such a way as to provide for every group member. |
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| Critical thinking about the way one thinks; reflection on one's own experiences |
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| Within a culture, a repetitive social practice composed of a sequence of symbolic activities in the form of dance, song, speech, gesture, or the manipulation of objects; and closely connected to a specific set of ideas that are often encoded in myth. |
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| Observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, females, and males needed for biological reproduction. |
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| The patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members. |
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| Something that stands for something else. An object's whose meaning is deeper than the literal. |
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| The way people struggle, often against great odds, to exercise some control over their lives. |
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| The transfer of certain symbolically important goods (beads, feathers, brass gongs) from the family of the groom to the family of the bride on the occasion of their marriage. It represents compensation to the wife's lineage for the loss of her labor and childbearing capacities. |
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| An economic system dominated by the supply-demand-price mechanism called the "market"; an entire way of life that grew in response to and in service of that market. |
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| A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society that is closed, prohibiting individuals to move from one caste to another. |
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| A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria. |
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| Domination is coercive rule. Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to behave in an involuntary manner (whether through action or inaction) by use of threats, rewards, or intimidation or some other form of pressure or force. |
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| An economic good traditionally of more advanced societies that is demanded, and introduced into typically less developed societies. Most began being globally consumed in the late 20th and early 21st century. Some commodities are embraced while others have the ability to alter and/or destroy cultures which leads to the shunning of them through changes in rituals and ideals by influential members of said culture. |
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| Changes over time in learned beliefs and behaviors that shape human development and social life. |
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The idea that some cultures dominate others and that domination by one culture that leads inevitably to the destruction of subordinated cultures and their replacement by the culture of those in power.
(example of cultural imperialism in the world; McDonalds) |
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| Sets of learned behaviors and ideas that humans acquire as members of society. Humans use culture to adapt to and transform the world in which they live. |
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| The principle based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong. |
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| The philosophical view that one simple force (or a few simple forces) causes (or determines) complex events. |
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| The wealth transferred, usually from parents to their daughter, at the time of her marriage. |
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| Migrant populations with a shared identity who live in a variety of different locales around the world; a form of transborder identity that does not focus on nation building. |
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| Management of resources in terms of productivity. (economic Anthropology debates issues of human nature that relate directly to decisions of daily life and making a living) |
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| Marriage within a defined social group |
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| Marriage outside a defined social group. |
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| A principle of social classification used to create groups based on selected cultural features such as language, religion, or dress. Ethnicity emerges from historical processes that incorporate distinct social groups into a single political structure under conditions of inequality. |
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| The opinion that one's own way of life is natural or correct and, indeed, the only true way of being fully human. |
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| An anthropologist's written or filmed description of a particular culture. |
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| The study of language use that relies on ethnography to illuminate the ways in which speech is both formed by and essential to social interaction. |
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| Minimally, a woman and her dependent children. |
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| The cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex. |
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| An object or objects of economic or culturalistic value that are exchanged or given. Noncapitalist forms of economic exchange that are deeply embedded in social relations and always require a return gift. EXTRA INFO->(Create a bond of obligation therefore playing a crucial role in creating and maintaining social relationships through obligations.) |
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| Not to be confused with GLOBALIZATION. One meaning is the attitude or policy of placing the interests of the entire world above those of individual nations. The view that advocates the interpetation or planning of economic and foreign policy in relation to events and developments throughout the world. |
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| A method of cultural learning in which we are not explicitly taught but absorb things through daily life and activity. |
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| describes a coexisting multiplicity of linguistic norms and forms, many of which are anchored in more than one social subgroup. |
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| Also known as cultural hybridization. Means cultural mixing. |
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| The philosophical view (dating back at least as far as Plato in Western thought) that ideas-or the mind that produces such ideas-constitute the essence of human nature. |
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| A worldview that justifies the social arrangements under which people live. |
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Kinship is a relationship between any entities that share a genealogical origin, through either biological, cultural, or historical descent. In anthropology the kinship system includes people related both by descent and marriage.
(Book definition of Kinship System- social relationships that are prototypically derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance.) |
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| The ambiguous transitional state in a rite of passage in which the person or persons undergoing the ritual are outside their ordinary social positions. |
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| The exchange of goods (trade) calculated in terms of a multipurpose medium of exchange and standard value (money) and carried out by means of a supply-demand-price mechanism (the market) |
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| An institution that transforms the status of participants, carries implications about permitted sexual access, perpetuates social patterns through the birth of offspring, creates relationships between the kin of partners, and is symbolically marked. |
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| The philosophical view that the material activities of our physical bodies in the material world constitute the essence of human nature. |
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| Matrilineality is a system in which lineage is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors. Matrilineality also is a societal system in which one belongs to one's matriline or mother's lineage, which can involve the inheritance of property and/or titles. |
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| Patrilineality (or agnatic kinship) is a system in which one belongs to one's father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, names or titles through the male line as well. |
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| The principle that a descent group is formed by people who believe they are related to each other by connections made through their mothers and fathers equally (sometimes called cognatic descent) |
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