Term
|
Definition
Paired rectangular bones
create anterior bony structure of nose
fused at internasal suture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Help form posterior 1/4 of the hard palate
portion of floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity
inferior orbits of eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Horizontal plate
Forms posterior 1/4 of hard palate
Posterior nasal crest and spine
Attachment point for muscle of uvula
Perpendicular Plate
(lateral/superior extension)
posterior wall of nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| Palatine bones (processes) |
|
Definition
Orbital process: portion of eye socket
Sphenoid process: attaches to sphenoid bone
Pyramidal process: articulations with pterygoid process of sphenoid bone |
|
|
Term
| Palatine Bones - list of parts |
|
Definition
Horizontal plate
perpendicular plate
orbital process
sphenoid process
pyramidal process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small paired bones
lateral nasal wall
medial orbit (eye socket) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cheekbone
Orbital margin: lateral ridge of eye socket
multiple processes/articulations |
|
|
Term
| Zygomatic bone - processes and articulations |
|
Definition
Maxillary process - maxilla
orbital process - forms part of orbit
temporal process - temporal bone
frontosphenoidal (frontal) process - frontal bone and sphenoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scroll-like thin bones
inferior extensions within nasal cavity
(ethmoid bone creates superior and middle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maxilla
Palatine Bone
Nasal Bone
Inferior Nasal Concha
**Sphenoid
**Ethmoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unpaired (midline) bone
creates inferior/posterior nasal septum
connects with sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillae and palatine bones
posterior ala (wing): midline end of nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vomer, ethmoid bone and septal cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parietal, Ethmoid, Sphenoidal, Temporal, Occipital, Frontal
Mnuemonic: Pest of 6 (6 types, 8 actual bones) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unpaired
Squamous portion - forehead and anterior most part of cranium
Zygomatic process - attachment to zygomatic bone
Nasal portion - articulation with nasal bones
Orbital portion - supraorbital ridge
Coronal suture - connection to parietal bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paired bone
Superior portion of cranium
Coronal suture - connection with frontal bone
Sagittal Suture - connection with R/L parietal bones
Lambdoidal suture - connection with occiptal bone posteriorly
*wormian bones
Squamosal Suture - connection between temporal and parietal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unpaied boned
Posterior region of cranium
Articulates with temporal, parietal, sphenoid bones
Squamous and basilar portions |
|
|
Term
| Occipital Bone - Squamous portion landmarks |
|
Definition
Occipital protuberance (inion) - attachment for posterior neck/back muscles
Nuchal lines - border between squamous and basilar portions, attachment point for muscles |
|
|
Term
| Occipital bone - Basilar portion landmarks |
|
Definition
Forman Magnum - large hole in base of skull for brainstem
Condyles - bumps that articulate with atlas (C1)
Pharyngeal tubercle - pharynx attaches to skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Squamosal suture - connection to parietal bone
occipitomastoid suture - connection to occipital bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Squamous
Tympanic
Petrous
Mastoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oral, buccal, nasal, pharyngeal |
|
|
Term
| Oral (biological and non-biological functions) |
|
Definition
Biological functions:
1. conduit for respiratory and digestive systems to interact with environment
2. mastication, deglutition, digestion
Non-biological functions:
1. most important for articulation
2. nearly all sound exits mouth (except nasals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lips, cheeks, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, velum, tongue, mandible, faucial pillars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maxillary and palatine bones
separates oral/nasal cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alveolar ridge
Rugae (ridges)
Median Raphe (line running anterior to posterior) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Extends posteriorly from hard palate (palatine bones)
moveable muscular structure separating oral and nasal cavities
Uvula - terminal extension of velum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tissue bands extending downward from soft palate
Anterior/posterior - palatine tonsils situated between ant/post arches
Posterior order of oral cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Space between posterior teeth and cheeks.
lateral to oral cavity
some resonance - open to airflow in lateral lisp
Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) - food pocketing in buccal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bounded by maxilla, palatine, nasal bones
divided by nasal septum (vomer, ethmoid, cartilaginous septum)
Nasal conchae - increase surface area for warming/filtering air (ethmoid and inferior nasal concha)
Covered by ciliated mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Point of articulation - interdental phonemes, labiodental phonemes
Dental arch:
1. upper/lower
2. incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, molars
3. equal numbers on each arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Crown: visible 1/3 - composed of enamel, enamel covers dentin, dentin covers pulp
Root: beneath gingival (gum) line - cementum: thin layer of bone holding tooth in alveolar arch
Neck: junction of root and crown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medial/mesial - toward midline of arch
Distal - away from midline of arch
Lingual - closest to tongue
Buccal - closest to cheeks
Occlusal - contact surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
16 per arch in adults
Incisors - central incisors (2 per arch), lateral incisors (2)
Cuspid (2)
Bicuspid/premolar (4), present only in adults
Molars (6) |
|
|
Term
| Dentition: development - deciduous teeth |
|
Definition
baby teeth or milk teeth
typicall erupt between 6-9 months
10 teeth/arch with no bicuspids and only 2 molars per side |
|
|
Term
| Dentition: development - shedding |
|
Definition
between 6-9 years
periodontal ligament in socket is senstive to pressure of permanent tooth, pressure leads to dissolving of root and tooth is shed shortly before permanent tooth erupts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contact between upper/lower teeth, proper occlusion necessary for chewing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st mandibular molar = 1/2 tooth forward of 1st maxillar molar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper incisors slightly in front of lower incisors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper incisors hide lower incisors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal molar alignment; abnormal incisor alignment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Overbite
1st mandibular molar 1+ tooth in back of maxillary molar
retracted mandible
relative micrognathia (mandible small in relation to maxilla) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
underbite
1st mandibular molar rests in front of maxillary 1st molar
protruding mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Torsiversion - rotated/twisted
labioverted - tilted toward lips
linguaverted - tilted toward tongue
buccoversion - tilted toward cheek (molars)
distoverted - tilts away from midline
mesioverted - tilting toward midline of arch
infraverted - lower than rest of teeth
supraverted - higher than rest of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intrinsic - contained within tongue used for fine movement and shape changes
extrinsic - originate or insert outside of tongue, used for general movement/positioning. |
|
|
Term
tongue: structure and landmarks
inferior surface |
|
Definition
highly vascular
lingual frenulum - connects inferior tongue to floor of mouth (tongue tied = short frenulum or ankyloglossia)
sublingual fold - transverse band of tissue on sides of tongue base (ducts for sublingual salivary glands) |
|
|
Term
| Tongue: structure and landmarks - root features |
|
Definition
lingual tonsils: beneath lining of pharyngeal surface
medial and later epiglottic folds
valleculae |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic Tongue muscles (list) |
|
Definition
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse muscle
vertical muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
creates upper layer of tongue
O: fibrous submucous layer near epiglottis/hyoid; also median fibrous septum
I: lateral margins and apex of tongue
F: bilateral - elevate tongue tip; protrude/retract tongue
unilaterally - deviate tongue tip ipsilaterally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: root of tongue and hyoid bone - runs in lateral tongue; absent medially
I: apex of tongue
F: bilateral - depress tongue tuip, shorten, protrude/retract tongue
unilateral - deviate tongue tip ipsilaterally
retracts tongue when contracted with superior longitudinal muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: median fibrous septum
I: side of tongue, submucous tissue
F: narrow and elongate tongue (pull edges toward midline) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: membranous cover of dorsum
I: lateral and inferior tongue surfaces
F: flatten tongue |
|
|
Term
| extrinsic tongue muscles (list) |
|
Definition
Genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus
Mnuemonic : paris hilton spreads germs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary tongue mover
O: inner mental symphysis, superior mental spine
I anterior: dorsum of tongue
I posterior: hyoid corpus
F anterior: retraction of tongue
F posterior: draw tongue forward, protrude tongue tip
F both: cupping tongue (pull middle down) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: hyoid greater cornu and corpus
I: lateral border (submucous tissue)
F: depress and retract tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: styloid process (temporal bone)
I: lateral/inferior sides of tongue (inferior longitudinal muscle and hyoglossus
F: retract tongue; elevate posterior tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin and insertion in soft palate and tongue
primary function: velar movement
F: aids in elevating posterior tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ginglymoarthrodial joint
hinge-like movement and some gliding
Mandibular condylar process and mandibular fossa of temporal bone
fibrocartilage covering over articulatory surfaces
articular capsule and ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles involved in chewing |
|
Definition
open/close mandible
elevate/close: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
depress/open: digastric, lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, platysma
protrude jaw: pterygoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mandibular sling muscle, elevator
most superficial, strongest
O: zygomatic arch
external - external arch
internal - posterior/medial arch
I: mandible - ramus and body, near angle
F: elevate mandible (close jaw), maximum force at molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mandibular sling muscle, elevator
O: temporal fossa (outer surface of temporal, parietal, frontal bones)
I: coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible
F: elevates mandible; aids in retracting and lateral movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mandibular sling muscle, elevator
O: Pterygoid fossa; medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible
F: elevates mandible; assists with protruding mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depressor
O anterior: inner surface of mandible near symphysis
I anterior: intermediate tendon attached to hyoid
F anterior: elevate hyoid and pull anteriorly, also can depress mandible
O posterior: mastoid process of temporal bone
I posterior: intermediate tendon attached to hyoid
F posterior: retract and elevate hyoid, also can retract and depress mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depressor
O: lateral pterygoid plate, also greater wing of sphenoid
I: mandible - lower inner margin of caondyloid process (pterygoid focea)
F: protrudes and depresses mandible, assists with grinding action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: inner surface of corpus of mandible
I: corpus of hyoid, medial fibers converge on median fibrous raphe
F: form floor of mouth; elevate hyoid, pull forward, also can depress mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: inner surface of mandible and symphysis, superior to mylohyoid
I: corpus of hyoid bone
F: elevate hyoid, also can depress mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lips, orbicularis oris, risorius, buccinatory, levator labii superior, levator labii superior alaeque nasi, zygomatic minor, zygomatic major, depressor labii inferior, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis msucle, platysma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
msucle and mucous membrane, highly vascular
cupids bow border of upper lip
Philtrum, philtral column: ridge between now and lip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
circular muscle, sphincter muscle, fibers circle the mouth opening
F: constrict oral opening, attachment site for other muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: fascia of master muscle on posterolateral face
I: orbicularis oris; corners of mouth
F: retracts lips at angle, corner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bugler's muscle
O: pterygomandibular ligament
alveolar portion of mandible/maxilla, some fibers blend with pharyngeal muscles
I: orbicularis oris
F: retract lips - compress lips/cheeks against teeth
Mastication - move food onto teeth for chewing
constricts oropharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: infraorbital margin of maxilla and zygomatic bone
I: mid-lateral region of upper lip
F: elevate upper lip |
|
|
Term
| Levator labii superior alaeque nasi |
|
Definition
O: frontal process of maxilla
I: mid-lateral region of upper lip and lateral nasal cartilage
F: elevate upper lip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: zygomatic bone, lateral to zygomatic minor
I: corner of orbicularis oris
F: elevate and retract corner of mouth (smile) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: zygomatic bone
I: mid=lateral region of upper lip
F: elevate upper lip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: anterolateral mandible (oblique line) near mental foramen
I: orbicularis oris lower lip
F: pull lip down and out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: maxilla near canine fossa
I: corner of upper and lower lips
F: pulls corner of mouth up and medially, assists with closing mouth (pulls upward on lower lips) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: anterolateral mandible (oblique line)
I: lateral orbicularis oris, corner of upper lip
F: depress corners of mouth (creates frown), compress upper and lower lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: mandible near incisive fossa
I: skin covering chin
F: elevates/wrinkles chin; pulls out lower lips (pout) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neck muscle, but depresses mandible also
O: fascia overlying lower neck and superior lateral chest (pectoralis and deltoid muscles)
I: corner of mouth, region below mental symphysis, lower margin of mandible
F: depression of skin of lower face and mouth; depression of mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| levator labii, zygomatic minor |
|
|
Term
| lip elevation and retraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| risorious and buccinators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depressor labii, depressor anguli oris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pharynx, runs from posterior nasal cavity to larynx
lateral/posterior walls created by pharyngeal muscles
opens into nasal cavity via velum (velopharyngeal port, open for nasals, closed for other speech sounds, open for quiet breathing)
opens into larynx via vocal folds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
above soft palate
Eustachian tube on laterl (opening to middle ear)
Torus tubarius: cartilaginous ridge around e-tube
Sapingopharyngeal fold
Pharyngeal tongils (adenoids), may help closure of velopharyngeal port |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
posterior to oral cavity
behind faucial arches, below velum, above hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from hyoid bone to esophagus (posterior to larynx) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"sleeve" of upper pharynx
pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone; temporal bone, medial pterygoid plate, Eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
midline of aponeurosis
tendon running down posterior midline, attachment for muscles |
|
|
Term
| pharyngeal muscles - constrictor muscles |
|
Definition
squeeze tube to move food down to escophagus
superior, medial, inferior |
|
|
Term
| superior pharyngeal constrictor |
|
Definition
O: pterygomandibular raphe - medial pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone)
I: medial pharyngeal raphe
F: pulls posterior wall anteriorly, forms side/back wall of nasopharynx, back wall of oropharynx
Passavant's pad: uppermost fibers, point of contact with soft palate |
|
|
Term
| Middle pharyngeal constrictor |
|
Definition
O: greater and lesser horns of hyoid
I: medial pharyngeal raphe
F: constricts middle pharynx
with inferior constrictor = peristaltic movement of food, constrict in sequence to push food down to esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Inferior pharyngeal constrictor - Thyropharngeus |
|
Definition
O: thyroid lamina
I: median pharyngeal raphe
F: constricts lower pharynx |
|
|
Term
| Inferior pharyngeal constrictor - Cricopharngeus |
|
Definition
O: lateral circoid cartilage; inferior cornu of thryoid
I: opening of esophagus
F: constricts superior opening of esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Pharyngeal muscles - Sapingopharyngeus |
|
Definition
O: lower margin of Eustachian tube
I: joins palatopharyngeus
F: elevate and constrict lateral pharynx, creates salpingopharngeal fold (lateral nasopharynx) |
|
|
Term
| Pharyngeal muscles - Stylopharyngeus |
|
Definition
O: styloid process
I: blends into mid/sup constrictor muscles, merges with palatopharyngeus msucle
F: elevate and dilate pharynx |
|
|
Term
| Summary of muscles of face and mouth |
|
Definition
Velum: closure for swallowing, speech
Tongue: speech, mastication, deglutition (instrinsic and extrinsic)
Jaw: mastication, minimal for speech
Pharyngeal constriction for swallowing, minimal for speech |
|
|
