Term
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Definition
| Electrostatic attraction between 2 oppositely charge ions |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharing of a pair of electrons in order to complete unfulfilled energy orbits |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrostatic attraction between two polar molecules |
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Term
| What is the driving force for chemical reactions? |
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Definition
| The desire of electrons to fill their energy orbits |
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Term
| What is electro negativity? |
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Definition
| The ability of an atom to attract additional electrons |
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Term
| Why are sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium called electrolytes? |
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Definition
| In the tissues, these atoms exist as ions. When charged particles move, they create an electric current |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom that has gained or lost an electron. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that have the same formula but different structures |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms of the same atom, differing in their numbers of neutrons |
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Term
| What is a polar molecule? |
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Definition
| A covalently bonded molecule with unequal sharing of the pair of electrons, creating small positive and negative charges at opposite ends of the molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dissolves in water, has charge on the molecule that will react with the polar water molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not dissolve in water, no surface charges that can react with the water molecules. |
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Term
| What properties of water are the result of hydrogen bonding? |
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Definition
| Heat buffering, decreasing density when going from liquid to solid, cohesion or surface tension, adhesion or coating ability |
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Term
| What is one molar solution? |
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Definition
| One molecular weight of a solute in grams dissolved in one liter of water |
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Term
| What are acids and bases? |
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Definition
Acids are molecules that give up a hydrogen ion in solution
Bases are molecules that give up an ion that will neutralize a hydrogen ion |
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Term
| How do acids and bases interact? |
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Definition
| Acids and bases react to produce neutral solutions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Forms bonds by removing a water molecule from the substrates |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks bonds by adding the ions of water to the products |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the energy of activation |
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Definition
| The energy used to initiate exergonic reactions, caused by the random collision of molecules |
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Term
| What do all organic molecules have in common |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can fats produce more energy then sugar |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of organic molecules |
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Definition
Carbohydrates-monosaccharide
Lipids-fatty acids |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of an enzyme? |
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Definition
Specific: only does one reaction
Doesn't change in the reaction, lowers the energy of activation |
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Term
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Definition
| Double strand, sugar is deoxyribose, found only in the nucleus, uses thymine instead of uracil. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single strang, sugar is ribose, found all over the cell, uses uracil instead of thyamin |
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Term
| What are the parts of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What make up hand rails and steps of the DNA ladder? |
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Definition
Handrails: sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate
Steps: complementary bases hydrogen bonded together |
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Term
| What are the components of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| Phosolipid bi layer with cholesterol molecules, cytoskeletal supports, transmembrane proteins, extrinsic and intrinsic proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| A layer of glycoproteins secreted by the cell and found covering the external surface of the cell membrane |
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Term
| How does the receptor-second messenger system work? |
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Definition
| Binding of chemicals to external receptors causes them to change the shape of their internal portion which causes changes inside the cell |
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Term
3 types of gated proteins
Ligand gated |
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Definition
| Channels that open when a chemical binds to them |
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Term
3 types of gated proteins
Voltage gated |
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Definition
| Channels that open when the voltage of the cell changes |
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Term
3 types of proteins
Mechanical gated |
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Definition
| Channels that open when they are directly moved |
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Term
| What do membrane enzymes do? |
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Definition
| Break down molecules that come in contact with the external cell membrane |
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