Term
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Definition
| Liquid connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquid ECM that suspends cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid that bathes body cells. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Transportation (gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes).
2) Regulation (pH, body temp, osmotic pressure).
3) Protection (clotting, WBC's). |
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Term
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Definition
Plasma 55%
Buffy Coat 1%
Erythrocytes 44% |
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Term
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Definition
90% Water.
8% Plasma Proteins.
2% dissolved molecules and ions (mostly electrolytes).
**Because it contains proteins in the plasma, blood is considered a colloid. |
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Term
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Definition
Helps to maintain blood volume and blood pressure.
-Draws fluid into the blood and prevents the loss of fluid in the capillaries. |
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Term
| What happens if plasma protein levels decrease? |
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Definition
| Then colloid osmotic pressure decreases, causin[[[[[[g fluid loss from the blood, and edema. |
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Term
| Blood Plasma Proteins (3) |
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Definition
1) Albumin -transport protein; buffer; major contributor to blood osmotic pressure.
2) Globulin -transport protein; antibody.
3) Fibrinogen -forms fibrin threads in blood clots. |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC's. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
WBCs - 2 types:
Granular: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils.
Agranular: B&T lymphocytes, NK cells. Monocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
***These elements must constantly be replaced! |
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Term
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Definition
1 Hemoglobin molecule carries 4 O2 molecules.
-Globin- 4 polypeptide chains.
-Heme pigment in each 4 chains.
* Fe2+ in each heme that binds oxygen reversibly!
Each RBC contains 280 million hemoglobin! |
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Term
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Definition
| Also transports 23% of total carbon dioxide (combines with amino acids of globin). |
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Term
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Definition
Nitrix Oxide binds to Hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin releases NO, causing vasodilation, to improve blood flow and oxygen delivery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hemoglobin also binds carbon monoxide more strongly than it binds oxygen.... |
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Term
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Definition
| Hb saturated with oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide bound to amino acids of Hb. |
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Term
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Definition
A growth factor that increases the number of RBC precursors.
-Produced by the kidneys.
Usually, rate of EPO = rate of RBC destruction. (Negative feedback loop monitors this via oxygen level). |
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Term
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Definition
All blood cells arise from hematopoietic stem cells and have the ability to develop into many different types of cells.
Once a cell is “committed” to a particular pathway, it cannot change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular oxygen deficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
Some people with renal failure make too little EPO to support normal erythropoiesis – synthetic EPO helps.
Some athletes use EPO for increased performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| more oxygen (used in synthetic EPO). |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune disorder that attacks stomach cells that produce a factor necessary for hemopoiesis (red blood cell formation). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow (blood transfusions necessary until bone marrow transplant can occur). |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of anemia- Problem with Hemoglobin structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell ID markers unique for each person that protrude from the plasma membrane of Leukocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in number of WBCs in response to stressors. |
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Term
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Definition
WBCs leave the bloodstream and travel to sites of pathogen invasion or inflammation.
Roll, stick to, and then squeeze between endothelial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals released by microbes and inflamed tissues attract phagocytes. |
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Term
| Graft-versus-Host Disease |
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Definition
| Transplanted red bone marrow may produce T cells that attack host tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
-Stem cells obtained from umbilical cord shortly before birth.
-Easily collected and can be stored indefinitely.
-Less likely to cause graft-versus-host disease. |
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Term
| Granules released by platelets that help clotting: (4) |
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Definition
- Ca2+
- Serotonin
- ADP
- Enzymes; growth factors |
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Term
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Definition
Sequence of steps to stop bleeding
1) Vascular Spasm- smooth muscle contracts, causing vasoconstriction.
2) Platelet Plug Formation- injury to lining of vessel exposes collagen fibers- platelets adhere-> release sticky chemicals.
3) Coagulation (blood clotting)- Fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, forming the clot. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood plasma minus clotting proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of chemical reactions that result in the formation of fibrin threads. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Extrinsic or Intrinsic pathways lead to formation of prothrombinase.
2) Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin.
3) Thrombin converts fibrinogen (soluble) into fibrin (insoluble), forming the threads of the clot. |
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Term
| Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Pathways for forming Prothrombin activator |
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Definition
Intrinsic- clotting factors needed are present within the blood.
Slower- many steps.
Triggered by negatively charged surfaces..
Extrinsic- triggered by exposing blood
faster- fewer steps. |
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Term
| 2 positive feedback effects of Thrombin: |
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Definition
1. Accelerates formation of prothrombin activator.
2. Thrombin activates platelets. |
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Term
| Why do clot formations remain localized? |
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Definition
| Because fibrin absorbs thrombin, and clotting factor concentrations are low. |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural "clot buster", digests fibrin. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue plasminogen factor, secreted when clot is near. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clot needs to be removed when vessel is healed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endothelial cells secrete antithrombic substances to prevent platelet adhesion. |
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Term
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Definition
Natural anticoagulant in basophils and mast cells, on surface of endothelial cells.
-inhibits thrombin.
-inhibits intrinsic pathway. |
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Term
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Definition
Fat soluble vitamin absorbed through intestine into blood.
Not involved in clot formation, but required for the synthesis of 4 clotting factors.
Vitamin K deficiency can result in uncontrolled bleeding!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
An anticoagulant.
Antagonist to vitamin K -> blocks synthesis of clotting factors. |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation by blocking thromboxane A2 synthesis.
-Reduces risk of transient ischemic attacks, strokes, heart attacks, artery blockage. |
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Term
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Definition
Dissolves blood clots.
-Activates plasminogen, which digests fibrin.
-Genetically engineered tPA treats heart attack and stroke victims. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Clotting in an unbroken vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
Blood clot, air bubble, fat, or debris transported by the bloodstream.
-Pulmonary embolism = embolus in the lungs |
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