Epithelial

forms protective covering for the body and all organs

outer layer of the skin

supported by connective tissue

avascular

regenerative (mitotic)

basement membrane

Connective Tissue

support and form the framework of all parts of the body

mosy abundant; widely distributed

large amounts of non-living material

bind, support, protect, insulate, transport

Muscle Tissue

contract and produce movements

voluntary or involuntary

cardiac (myocardium) or smooth (visceral)

Nervous Tissues

central coordinating and order-giving agency

made up of neuron/neuroglia cells

Epithelial tissues are classified by what criteria?

shape

arrangement of cells

(# of cell layers)

Epithelial cell shape

squamous - flat and irregular

cuboidal - square

columnar - long and narrow

Simple Cuboidal

functions in secretion & absorption

found in kidney tubules; ovary

Simple Columnar

facilitate movement

found in bronchioles, uterine tubes

Simple Squamous

functions in diffusion, filtration

found in blood vessels, uterine tubes

Stratified Epithelial

many layers of the same cells

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

thick membrane composed of several cell layers

basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active

surface cells are flattened (squamous) / full of keratin

protect underlying tissue in areas subject to abrasion

linings of esophagus, mouth, vagina

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

single layer of cells differing heights

nuclei seen at different levels

may contain goblet cells and bear cilia

secretion of mucus

trachea, respiratory tract

Exocrine Gland

have ducts to carry secretions away from the glands

Ex - digestive juices, saliva, sebaceous (oil) glands) tears

Endocrine Gland

ductless gland

carry secretions to another organ

known as hormones

Areolar (loose) Connective Tissue

found in membranes around vessels and organs, between muscles, under the skin

most common in body

Structural elements of Connective Tissue

ground substance - unstructured material that filld the space between cells

fibers - collagen, elastic or reticular

cells - fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, hematopoietic stem cells

Soft Connective Tissue

loosely held together with sime liquid materials between the cells

include adipose (fat) and areolar (loose) tissues

Fibrous Connective Tissue

densely packed with fibers

ligaments, tendons, capsules around certain organs

Hard Connective Tissue

very firm consistency (cartilage)

or

hardened by minerals in the matrix (bone)

Three types of Cartilage

hyaline

elastic

fibrocartilage

Adipose tissue

cells that are able to store large amounts of fat

a reserve energy supply for the body, heat insulate and protective padding for organs and joints

Three Types of Bone Tissue

osteoclast

osteoblast

osteocyst

Neuron

functional unit of the nervous tissue/organ

Neuroglia cells

supporting unit of the nervous tissue

Membranes

thin sheets of tissue

cover surfaces

may line hollow organ or body cavity

Epithelial Membranes

serous membrane

mucous membrane

cutaneous membrane

Serous Membrane

line walls of body cavities and are folded back onto the surface of internal organs

Mucous Membrane

line tubes and other spaces that open to the outside of the body

Cutaneous Membrane

commonly known as sking

has an outer layer of epithelia

Connective membranes

membrane is made of connective tissues without epithelial cells

synovial membrane

meninges

fascia

pericardium

periosteum

perchodrium