Term
K+ and Na+
Which one has a higher concentration inside the cell and which has a higher concentration outside the cell? |
|
Definition
More K+ inside
More Na+ outside |
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Term
| What is the function of Neuroglia? |
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Definition
| provide metabolic support and immune protection for neurons |
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Term
| How many neurons are there compared to neuroglia in the CNS? |
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Definition
10 neuroglia to every neuron
10:1 |
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Term
Satellie cells
what is the function and what 4 things do they regulate? |
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Definition
surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
regulate 4 things:
O2
CO2
nutrients
neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
surround all axons in PNS
responsible for mylenation of axons in PNS |
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Term
| what 2 types of neuroglia are found in the PNS? |
|
Definition
satellite cells
schwann cells |
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Term
| Neuroglia include which 6 cells? |
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Definition
astrocytes (CNS)
microglia (CNS)
ependymal cells (CNS)
oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann cells (PNS)
satellite cells (PNS) |
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Term
| what 4 types of neuroglia are found in the CNS? |
|
Definition
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia |
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Term
| what are the 2 functions of oligodendrocytes? |
|
Definition
mylenate axons in the CNS
provide structural framework |
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Term
astrocytes
what do they provide?
what do they regulate?
what else do they do? |
|
Definition
provide structural support
regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations
absorb and recycle neurotransmitters |
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Term
|
Definition
| remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis |
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Term
ependymal cells
where? (2 places)
function? |
|
Definition
found lining ventricles in the brain
found in central canal of spinal cavity
assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid |
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|
Term
| which 4 of the 6 neuroglia are found in the CNS? |
|
Definition
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes |
|
|
Term
| which 2 of the 6 neuroglia are found in the PNS? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is gray matter composed of? |
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Definition
Gray matter = neurons, neuroglia & unmyelinated axons, and dendrites of neurons
Gray matter also contains nuclei deep in the brain = clusters of neuronal cell bodies in CNS |
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Term
| this forms the outer layer of the cerebrum |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Collections of nuclei can form a ??? (higher brain function) |
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Definition
| Collections of nuclei can form a CENTER (higher brain function) |
|
|
Term
| what is white matter primarily composed of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are white matter tracts? |
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Definition
| white matter tracts are bundles of axons for the conduction of nerve impulses |
|
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Term
| what are the 3 types of tracts of white matter tracts in the brain? |
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Definition
| commissural, association, projection |
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|
Term
| what are the 2 types of white matter tracts in the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
| sensory and motor tracts (ascending and descending) |
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Term
| what divides the left and right cerebral hemispheres? |
|
Definition
left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure
- connected by the corpus callosum |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest portion of the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whats up with the longitudinal fissure? |
|
Definition
left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure
- connected by the corpus callosum |
|
|
Term
| this CONNECTS the left and right cerebral hemispheres |
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Definition
left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure
- connected by the corpus callosum |
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Term
| what up with the central sulcus |
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Definition
| central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes |
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Term
| ??? divides the frontal and parietal lobes |
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Definition
| central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes |
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Term
grooves in the cerebrum are called ???
ridges in the cerebrum are called ??? |
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Definition
- grooves = sulci (sulcus); sulci divide the cerebrum into lobes
- ridges = gyri (gyrus) |
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Term
| the cerebral hemisphers communicate with each other via ??? |
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Definition
| The two cerebral hemispheres communicate with each other via several bundles of axons. The largest is the corpus callosum. Smaller connections are the anterior and posterior commissures. |
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Term
| Why is the thalamus called the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| because it handles almost all inputs ascending to the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| this part of the brain is a major relay station for most sensory impulses from the spinal cord and brain stem |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the hypothalamus is critically important for what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 structures of brain stem |
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Definition
|
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Term
| function of the midbrain: relay station between 2 pairs of things... |
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Definition
| A relay station between the cerebrum and the spinal cord, and between cerebrum and cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the pons serves as the connect between what 2 things? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| these nuclei relay info from the cerebrum to the cerebellum |
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Definition
| Pontine nuclei: relay information from cerebrum to cerebellum |
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Term
| these 2 areas work in conjunction with the medulla to control breathing |
|
Definition
Pneumotaxic area: controls breathing (with medulla)
Apneustic area: controls breathing (with medulla) |
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Term
| this part of the brain continues to become the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| this part of the brain forms the inferior part of the brain stem and relays sensory information and controls automatic motor functions |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| this part of the brain forms the inferior part of the brain stem |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the medulla oblongata? |
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Definition
| relays sensory information and controls automatic motor functions such as heartbeat, blood pressure, caughing, vomiting, sneezing, swallowing |
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Term
describe the structure of the cerebellum
2 things |
|
Definition
divided into hemisphere with lobes – like the cerebrum
anterior and posterior lobes
has a superficial layer of gray matter called the cerebellar cortex - like the brain |
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|
Term
| basic function of the cerebellum |
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Definition
| controls voluntary and involuntary motor acitvities |
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