Trace the Path of Food through the Digestive System

MOUTH > Pharynx > Salivary Glands > Epiglottis > Trachea > Esophagus > Esophageal Sphincter > Diaphragm > Stomach > Liver > Gallbladder > Bile Duct > Appendix > Small Intestine > Pancreas > Pancreatic Duct > Large Intestines

The Flow of Filtration & Urine in the Blood

GLOMERULUS (Bowman's Capsule) > promixal convaluted tubule > descending limb > LOOP of Henle > ascending limb > distal convulated tubule > collecting duct > minor calyx > ....URINE CONTINUES major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter > urinary bladder > uretha

BlowFlow in the Nephron

STARTS AT RENAL ARTERY 

intelobar artery > arcuate artery > interlobular artery > afferent arteriole > bowmans capsule > efferent arteriole > interlobular vein > arcuate vein > intelobar vein 

ENDS AT RENAL VEIN

*ARTERIES IN RED

*VEINS IN BLUE

Describe the Flow of Blood in the Liver Lobule 

*Blood comes from TWO different directions

Gall Bladder       >HEPATIC ARTERY (blood nutrients) **hepatic artery>IVC > HEART

(*BILE released during digestion)

spleen, pancreas, intestines    

                  **Into Sinosoids to CENTRAL VEIN (LIVER - BILE made here)**

Abdominal Aorta >HEPATIC portal VEIN (blood oxygen) ** bile duct to cycstic/hepatic duct, common bile duct > GALL BLADDER > Small Intestines 

Path of BiLE from the DuCTUbles to the DUOdenum 

When FOOD IN the small intestines BiLE (*made in the liver) travels from the BiLe DuCT > Hepatic Duct > Common Bile Duct to the Small Intestines 

When NO FOOD IN the small intestines; spincter of intestine closes BiLE backs up in Common Bile Duct > Cystic Duct (*leads to the gall bladder) to the Gall Bladder

*IF Food RE-Enters Small Intestines; sphincter re- OPens causing the BiLE to flow from the gall bladder/liver 

Name the 4 LAYERS of the Stomach Wall?

Mucosal Layer 

composed of simple columnar epithelium

*gastric pit (space between) gastric glad

Submucosal Layer

composed of connective tissue

Muscularis Externa

composed of smooth muscle

*has (3) LAYERS (olique >circular> longitudinal MUSCLE LAYER)

Serosal Layer

composed of simple squamos epithelium

Cat Anatomy: Uterus

*Cats have a "Y- shaped" uterus 

* Top  of "Y" lies the Uterine Horn

*Bump on Uterine Horn lies Ovaries

*Uterine Horns come together to form the BODY of the UTERUS

Trace the Path of Air through the Resipatory Structures

STARTS at the NOSE/MOUTH

nasal cavity > pharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > aveoli (*air sacs where GAS EXCHANGE happening/oxygen ENTERING & CO2 LEAVING) 

When SLOW breathing occurs (body NEEDS MORE O2), what happens to CO2, H+, pH?

Breathing SPEEDS UP 

*CO2 INCREASES

*H+ INCREASES 

*pH DECREASES 

This respiratory rate occurs when:

HOLDING your breath

AFTER hyperventilation

BREATHING into a paper bag

When FAST breathing occurs, what happens to CO2, H+, pH?

 Breathing SLOWS DOWN 

*CO2 decreases 

*H+ decreases 

*pH increases 

 This respiratory rate also occurs when:

AFTER holding your breath 

 During Hyperventilation

 AFTER breathing into paper bag

The primary trigger for breathing is the _______ of the ________. When this increases, the respiratory rate ________ & the pH ________. This is an example of what type of feedback?  

pH, CSF, decreases, decreases

Negative Feedback

Egg Flow

ovary > fallopian tube > uterus > cevix > vagina

Sperm Flow

testis > epididymis > vas deferens > seminal vesicle (secretions) > prostate gland >ejaculatory duct > uretha