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A&PII
PNS
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/04/2011

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Term
Mechanoreceptors
Definition
respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch and itch
Term
Thermoreceptors
Definition
sensitive to changes in temperature
cold receptors (10-40 degrees C)
heat receptors (32-48 degrees C)
Term
Photoreceptors
Definition
respond to light energy (ex: retina)
Term
Chemoreceptors
Definition
respond to chemicals (smell, taste, changes in blood chemistry)
Term
Nociceptors
Definition
sensitve to pain-causing stimuli (extreme heat or cold, excessive pressure, inflammatory chemicals)
Term
Exteroceptors
Definition
Respond to stimuli outside of the body
Receptors in the skin for touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
Most special sense organs
Term
Interoceptors
Definition
Repond to stimuli arising in internal viscera and blood vessels
Sensitve to chemical changes, tissue stretch, and temperature changes
Term
Proprioceptors
Definition
Respond to stretch in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles
Term
Complex receptors
Definition
Vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste
Term
Simple receptors
Definition
touch, pressure, stretch, and vibration
Term
Endoneurium
Definition
loose connective tissue that encloses axons and their myelin sheaths
Term
Perineurium
Definition
coarse connective tissue that bundles fibers into fascicles
Term
Epineurium
Definition
tough fibrous sheath around a nerve
Term
Ganglia
Definition
contain neuron cell bodies assiciated with nerves
Dorsal (sensory, somatic)
Autonomic (motor, visceral)
Term
Cranial nerves
Definition
12 pairs associated with the brain
Most are mixed in function
Each are identified by a number and a name
"On Occasion, Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny- Very Good Vehicle AnyHow"
Term
Dorsal roots
Definition
contain sensory (afferent) fibers from sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia
Term
Cervical Plexus
Definition
formed by ventral rami of C1-C4
innervates skin and muscles of the neck, ear, back of head and shoulders
Term
Phrenic Nerve
Definition
major motor and semsory nerve of the diaphragm
Term
Axillary
Definition
innervates the deltoid, teres minor, and skin and joint capsule of the shoulder
Term
Musculocutaneous
Definition
innervates the biceps brachii and brachialis and skin of lateral forearm
Term
Median
Definition
innervates the skin, most flexors and pronators in the forearm, and some intrinsic muscles of the hand
Term
Lumbar Plexus
Definition
Arises from L1-L4
Innervates the thigh, abdominal wall, and psoas muscle
Term
Femoral Nerve
Definition
innervates quadriceps and skin of anterior thigh and medial surface of leg
Term
Obturator Nerve
Definition
passes through obturator foramen to innervate adductor muscles
Term
Sacral Plexus
Definition
Arises from L5-S4
Serves the buttock, lower limbs pelvic structures, and perineum
Term
Sciatic Nerve
Definition
longest and thickest nerve of the body
innervates the hamstring muscles, adductor muscles, and most muscles in the leg and foot
Term
Dermatome
Definition
the area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve
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