Term
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Definition
| Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood Cell Production. |
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Term
| Cartilage Types in Skeletal System |
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Definition
| Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic. |
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Term
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Definition
Chondroblasts - Create matrix.
Chondrocytes - Maintain matrix. |
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Term
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Definition
| Double-layer C.T. sheath. Covers Cartilage except at articulations. |
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Term
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Definition
Appositional - New chondrocytes and new matrix at the periphery.
Interstitial - Chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Long - Femur, Humerus.
Short - Carpals, Philanges.
Flat - Sternum, Scapula.
Irregular - Vertebrae, Facial. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shaft of Long Bone - Made of Compact Bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| End of Bones - Cancellous Bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth Plate - Made of Hyaline Cartilage, present until growth stops. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone Stops Growing in Length. It is the remainder of the epiphyseal Plate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Central Cavity of a Bone Shaft. Is red marrow in children, turns to yellow marrow in limb bones and skull, Rest of Skeleton is Red. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer layer of bone, double layered membrane. Inner layer is single bone cells which are osteogenic, Outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue. Fibers of tendons become continuous with fibers of periosteum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some periosteal fibers penetrate through the periosteum into the bone. These strengthen the attachment from tendon to bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collagen fibers randomly oriented. Found during Fetal Development and during fracture repair. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mature Bone in Sheets called lamellae. Fibers run in same direction per layer, but different layers run different directions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trabeculae - Interconnecting rods or plates of bone. Like scaffolding. Spaces are filled with marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
Organic - Collagen and proteoglycans. - Rebar
Inorganic - Hyroxyapetite - Cement |
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Term
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Definition
| Canals occupied by osteocyte cell proesses. Nutrients Diffuse through here to other cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Create Bone Tissue - Through osteogenesis or ossification. Collagen produced by E.R. and Golgi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of Bone by osteoblasts. Cells surround themselves with matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintain Bone Matrix. Can make small amounts of matrix in order to maintain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spaces occupied by Osteocyte body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reabsorb Bone. Have Ruffled Border where reabsorption takes place. Release enzyme that digests bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Osteochondral Progenitor Cells. |
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Term
| Haversian (Central) Canals |
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Definition
| Central Canal containing blood vessels and nerve cells that serve the osteon's cells. Run through the core of each osteon. |
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Term
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Definition
Concentric - Complete Osteons.
Circumferential - located deep to the periosteum and just superficial to the endosteum. Extend around the circumference of the diaphysis and resist twisting.
Interstitial - Incomplete lamellae that lie between intact osteons. |
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Term
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Definition
| runs perpendicular to long axis. Contains blood vessels. Directs flow of nutrients from vessels through cell processes of osteoblasts. |
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Term
| Two Types of Bone Development |
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Definition
Intramembranous - Takes place in connective tissue membrane. Forms many skull bones and part of mandible.
Endochondral - Takes place in Cartilage - Most bone is formed this way!
Both methods produce woven bone which is then remodeled. After remodeling, the two types cannot be distinguished. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large membrane covered spaces between developing skull bones. |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification |
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Definition
Process of converting hyaline cartilage to Bone. Begins at primary ossification center.
Steps! |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification: Step 1 |
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Definition
| A Bone collar forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartialge model. Osteoblasts of the of the newly converted periosteum secrete osteoid against the hyaline cartilage incasing it in a collar of bone. |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification: Step 2 |
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Definition
| Cartilage in the center of the diaphysis calcifies and then develops cavities. As the bone collar forms, chondrocytes within the shaft enlarge and signal the surrounding matrix to calcify. This causes the chondrocytes to die and the matrix begins to deteriorate in the center. Elsewhere, the cartilage continues to grow, thus elongating the diaphysis. |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification: Step 3 |
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Definition
| The periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone forms. The periosteal bud contains an artery, vein, nerve fibers, red marrow elements, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts. |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification: Step 4 |
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Definition
| Diaphysis elongates and a medullary cavity forms. As the primary ossification center enlarges, osteoclasts break down the newly formed spongy bone and create a medullary cavity. |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification: Step 5 |
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Definition
| The epiphyses ossify Bone trabeculae appear just as they did in the primary ossification center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conjoined processes of bone deposit and bone resorption which refreshes bone cells to prevent bone from becoming more brittle. Every week we recycle 5-7% of our bone mass. Compact Bone is replaced every ten years or so. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of depositing new bone matrix by osteoblasts . |
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Term
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Definition
| Osteoclasts move along bone surface digging grooves as they break down the existing matrix. |
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Term
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Definition
1. A hematoma forms at the fracture site.
2. Fibrocartilage callus forms - capilaries grow into the hematoma and phagocytotic cells invade the area to begin cleaning up the debris. meanwhile fibroblasts, cartilage, and osteogenic cells invade the fracture site to begin repair. The callus forms from fibrous tissue and cartilage.
3. Bony Callus Forms: New bone trabeculae form in the fibrocartilage callus and gradually convert it to a hard callus of spongy bone.
4. Bone Remodeling Occurs - |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone break with open wound. Bone may be sticking out of wound. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Doesn't extend across the bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fracture extends across the full length of bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incomplete fracture that occurs on the convex side of the curve of a bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incomplete fracture where two sections of bone do not separate. Common in skull fractures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete Break into more than two pieces. |
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Term
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Definition
| One fragment is driven into the cancellous portion of the other fragment. |
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Term
| Age Related Changes is Bone |
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Definition
| In old age resorption predominates formation. |
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