Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| long and slender: femur, tibia, humerous, phalanges |
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Definition
| increased surface area, common place for red blood cell production: sternum, ribs, scapula, parietal bones |
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Term
| sutural bones (wormian bones) |
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Definition
| small, ireegular, located in the skull, different in each person, form between sutures |
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Term
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Definition
| short, flat, notched, or ribbed, complex: vertebra, os coxa |
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Term
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Definition
| small and boxy: carpals and tarsals |
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Term
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Definition
| develop inside tendons, sesame seed shape: patella |
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Term
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Definition
| each end of long bone, expanded region, spongy bone, light weight, avascular, contains red bone marrow, bony matrix forms trabeculae |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow region between epiphysis and diaphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| shaft, compact dense bone (outer layer), medullary cavity (inner layer) |
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Term
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Definition
| outer covering, isolates bone from surrounding tissue, participates in bone growth, provides a route for blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| composition similar in compact and spongy bone: 2/3 mineral, 1/3 collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| mature bone cells, account for most of bone cell population |
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Term
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Definition
| pocket sandwhiched between matrix |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| connect lacuna, narrow passageways that contain osetocyte cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| all layers together (basic functional unit) |
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Definition
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Definition
| osteoblasts that have become surrounded by matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| pre-cursors to blasts, formed from pareostium |
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Term
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Definition
| remove and recycle bony matrix, releasing minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| hole in bone where nutrient artery and vein enter |
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Term
| endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
| cartilage converted to bone |
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Term
| epiphyseal plate/ cartilage |
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Definition
| region of cartilage within metaphysis; separates epi from dia |
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Term
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Definition
| widening of bone, increasing diameter, periosteum cells differentiate to osteoblasts |
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Term
| intramembranous ossification |
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Definition
| forms flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicle, occurs in deep layers of dermis: mesichymal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| dynamic process of recycling and renewing bony matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| form of vitamin D, aids in calcium absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| vit D deficiency, bone becomes very soft |
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Term
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Definition
| vit C deficiency, bones become brittle, bloody gums |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate ossification; reduction in bone mass. we all have some of this as we age |
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Term
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Definition
| severe osteopenia that alters daily living |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (skull) edges interlocked together |
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Term
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Definition
| teeth bound to mandible, maxilla, fibrous connection |
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Term
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Definition
| rigid, cartilaginous bridge between 2 articulating bones (1st pair of vertebrosternal ribs and sternum) |
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Term
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Definition
| totally rigid, immoveable joint, forms when two bones fuse and their boundary disappears(epiphyseal lines), no cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bones connected by a ligament (tibia and fibula distally) |
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Term
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Definition
| articulating bones separated by fibrocartilage (invertebral disk, pubic symphysis) |
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Term
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Definition
| synovial joint, most motion possible, typically located at ends of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
| flattened faces "sliding" across one another, very slight movement; claviculosternal joint (sacroilliac joint, intertarsal joint) |
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Term
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Definition
| angular motion in a single plane (opening and closing of a door); elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints, ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| onlit permits rotation; alas-axis joint; proximal radioulnar joint |
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Term
| ellipsoidal joint (condular joint) |
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Definition
| an oval articular face is nestled within a depression in the opposing surface, angular motion occurs in 2 planes; radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal joints (wrist joints) |
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Term
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Definition
| fit together like a rider in a saddle, angular motion possible, NO rotation; first carpometacarpal joint (thumb) |
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Term
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Definition
round head of bone fits into cup shaped depression of another, most movements possible; shoulder, hip joints
most movement= most injury |
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Term
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Definition
| covers the bony articulating surfaces (so bone-bone contact does NOT occur) |
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Term
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Definition
| articulating surfaces are forced out of positon |
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Term
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Definition
partial dislocation (double jointed, less stable joints)
injury is common |
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Term
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Definition
| includes all rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| pain affecting skeletal/ muscle systems |
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Term
| degenerative (osteoarthritis) |
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Definition
| begins at the articular cartilage, eventually also effects underlying bone and inflammation of joint, cumulative wear and tear on bones |
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Term
| inflammatory (rheumatoid) arthritis |
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Definition
| initiated by inflammation at synovial joint, then damage spreads to articular cartilage, own immune system attacks synovial membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| located within a synovial joint, clear, viscous (similar viscosity to molasses) |
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Term
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Definition
| pad of fibrocartilage situated between opposing bones |
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Term
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Definition
| protect articular cartilage and act as a packing material for a joint |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| small, fluid filled pockets within connective tissue, contain synovial fluid, reduces friction |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of bursae, form where tendons and ligaments rub profusely |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces angle between 2 bones |
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Term
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Definition
| increases angle between 2 bones |
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Term
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Definition
| extension past the anatomical position |
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Term
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Definition
| movement away from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| moving back to the anatomical postition |
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Term
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Definition
| twisting motion of the foot moves sole inward/ outward |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ankle extenion, "point toes" |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of thumbs toward other fingers or palms, important for daily tasks |
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Term
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Definition
moving part of the body anterior in one plane
ex) pushing mandible forward |
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Term
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Definition
reverse of protraction
ex) bringing it back |
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Term
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Definition
superior/ inferior movement
ex) chewing, shrugging your shoulders |
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Term
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Definition
| vertebral column moving side to side |
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Term
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Definition
| moving palms/ forearms away from anatomical positoin (towards body) |
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Term
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Definition
| moving palms/ forearms back to anatomical position |
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Term
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Definition
| collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a relatively limited # of functions |
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Term
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Definition
| covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, forms glands |
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Term
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Definition
| fills internal spaces, provides structural support, transports materials, stores energy reserves |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized for contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| carries info from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| covers every exposed surface of the body (skin, digestive tract, lining of respiratory tract, urinary tract) |
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Term
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Definition
| for increased surface area on the apical side |
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Term
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Definition
| for moving substances along the apical membrane |
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Term
| tight junctions (occluding junctions) |
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Definition
| phospholipids membrane between cells is so tight water and solutes cannot pass through (epithelial cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| cells held together by connexons, small molecules can pass from cell to cell |
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Term
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Definition
| channel proteins, connect one cell's cytosol to another through "channels" |
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Term
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Definition
| link opposing cell membranes, strong, resists stretching; abundant in skin cells, why sunburns peel, for strength, does not allow cytosol interaction from cell to cell |
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Term
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Definition
| thin, flat, irregular, "scaly" |
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Term
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Definition
| appear square in structure |
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Term
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Definition
| appear rectangular in section |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more than one layer covers the basal lamina |
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Term
| pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| columnar epi includes several types of cells with verying shapes and functions. Not truely stratified, b/c each cell is in contact with the basal lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| appearance of the epithelia change, depending on the amount of stretch |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the epithelia with the rest of the body (basal lamina), also provides structure, stores energy reserves and transports materials |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant in connective tissue, always present in connective tissue, secrete polysaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain connective tissue fibers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can divide to produce additional cells and can differentiate into a cell type that is needed |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesize and store melanin (pigment that gives tissues dark color) |
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Term
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Definition
| common near blood vessels, secrete heparin, histamine. Histamine stimulates inflammation, heparin slows blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| long, straight, unbranched, bundle of fibrous proteins wound together like a rope |
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Term
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Definition
branching interwoven, tough, flexible
resist forces from many directions
stabilize blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| contain protein elastin, branched, wavy |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue layers and wrappings that support and surround organs |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue destruction that occurs after cells have been hurt/killed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| includes skin and accessory organs: hair, nails, exocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| most superficial; avascular, dry, relatively not suitable for microorganisms, dominated by keratinocytes (cells that contain keratin) |
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Term
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Definition
tough, fibrous protein
thin skin has 4 layers of keratinocytes, thick skin has 5 |
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Term
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Definition
| can only tell on face, hands, and fingers when the points are very close |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spiny layer, cell from stratum germinativum is pushed to this layer and continues to divide |
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Term
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Definition
| grainy layer, cells stop diving in this layer |
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Term
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Definition
| only in thick skin of palms and soles, flattened cells, densely packed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contain extensive vascular network, papillary layer (superficial), reticular layer (deeper) |
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Term
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Definition
| subcutaneous layer, not technically part of the integument. Used clinically for subcutaneous injections because it has a good blood supply but no major organs |
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Term
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Definition
| water lost each day that we are unaware of, water leaves through the stratum corneum |
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Term
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Definition
| water lost through sweat gland |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory nerves around follicle |
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Term
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Definition
| follicle becomes inactive, hair is at end of growth cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| discharge sebum into hair follicle |
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Term
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Definition
| discharge sebum directly onto skin |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete sweat into hair follicle (armpits, nipples, pubic region) |
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Term
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Definition
| discharge directly onto skin surface, widely distributed, smaller than apocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| protect exposed surface of tips of fingers and toes |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous tissue at injury site |
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Term
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Definition
| scar tissue in dermis with shiny, smooth epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
| exposure of skin to heat, friction, radiation, electrical shock, or strong chemical agents |
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Term
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Definition
| surface epidermis affected, results in erythema (red, painful skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| entire epidermis, some dermis, more fluid loss |
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Term
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Definition
| destroy epidermis and dermis and some hypodermis |
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Term
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Definition
| global bacterial infection, leading cause of death in burn victims |
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Term
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Definition
| subcutaneous adipose tissue is torn and sucked with a tube |
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