Term
| water molecules form what type of bond with eachother? |
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| substances that readily dissolve in water are called... |
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Definition
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| ions and polar molecules are... |
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| Ionic substances such as sodium chloride dissolve in water because... |
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Definition
| water molecules are attracted to the positive or negative charge of each ion |
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Term
| polar substances such as urea dissolve in water because... |
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Definition
| their molecules form hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water molecules |
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Definition
| an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
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| substances that do NOT dissolve in water are called... |
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Term
| uncharged, nonpolar molecules are... |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrophobic molecules are also... |
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Definition
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| hydrophilic molecules are also... |
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Definition
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Term
| Amphipathic molecules are... |
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Definition
| polar AND nonpolar - they have a distinct polar region and a distince nonpolar region - making them hydrophobic and lipophobic |
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Term
| All cells are made from the same building blocks: |
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Definition
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids |
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Definition
| large molecules composed of hundreds to thousands of atoms |
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Term
| proteins, nucleic acids, and complex carbohydrates are typically... |
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Definition
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Term
| lipids are relatively ??? molecules, but they associate to form ??? macromolecular structures such as lipid membranes and liposomes |
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Definition
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Definition
| a large molecule composed of many smaller, simpler subunits (monomers) joined by covalent bonds |
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Definition
| simpler subunits of polymers |
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Term
| Amino acids, nucleotides, and monosaccharides (simple sugars) are examples of... |
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Definition
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Term
| peptides or oligopeptides, oligonucleotides, and oligosaccharides are examples of... |
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Definition
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Term
| polypeptides (proteins), nucleic acid, and polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) are examples of... |
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Definition
| complex polymers (macromolecules) |
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| membranes are formed by... |
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Term
In a chemical reaction...
new bonds may be ???
existing bonds may be ??? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical reactions involve energy changes. Forming new bonds requires energy. Breaking bonds releases energy. The energy stored in a bond is referred to as ??? |
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Definition
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Term
Reactions may be classified as exergonic or endergonic.
??? reactions release energy
??? reactions require an input of energy |
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Term
| Cells often use the energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an ??? reaction |
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Definition
| Cells often use the energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction |
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Term
| Cells often use the energy from an ??? reaction to drive an endergonic reaction |
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Definition
| Cells often use the energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction |
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