Term
| The integumentary system is composed of what? |
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Definition
| Skin & associated structure (glands, hair, nails, blood vessels, nerves & sensory receptors) |
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Term
| What are the layers of epithelial membrane? |
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Definition
Epidermis: Superficial layer
(Epithelial tissue)
Dermis: Deep
(Connective tissue) |
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Term
| Where is the subcutaneous layer located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What supports the dermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many blood vessels are there in the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Outermost portion of skin |
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Term
| What is the epidermis composed of? |
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Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium
(composed of several layers) |
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Term
| Is the epidermis avascular? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What epithelial layer is closest to blood supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| What epithelial layer contains melanocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which epithelial layer has most of the mitotic division? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which epithelial layer has spiny projections connect cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the stratum germinativum? |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale & stratum spinosum |
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Term
| What epithelial layer has limited mitotic ability? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which epithelial layer does keratinization begins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would stratum lucidum be located? |
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Definition
Only in "thick skin"
(palms, fingertip, soles of feet) |
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Term
| What epithelial layer has 20-30 layers of dead karatinazed cells |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does it take for stratum Basale cells move up to the stratum Corneum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What epithelial layer sheds their cells? |
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Definition
| Stratum Corneum sheds cells (exfoliate) |
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Term
| What do melanocytes produce? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dark pigment protects from sunlight
Activity varies
(genetic & environmental factors) |
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Term
| Is the dermis thicker than the epidermis? |
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Definition
Yes
10-40 times thicker (4mm thick) |
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Term
| Is the epidermis thicker than the dermis? |
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Definition
No
Epidermis is 10-40 times thinner than dermis (4mm thick) |
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Term
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Definition
| Though, water-repellant protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents water loss by evaporation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Where is the dermis in relation to the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dermis composed of? |
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Definition
| Dense irregular connective tissue with elastic fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What does the dermis contain? |
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Definition
| Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, sensory receptors, blood vessels |
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Term
| What is the function of the dermis? |
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Definition
| Protection, nourishment for epidermis, skin elasticity, sensory perception |
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Term
| What is the function of the epidermis? |
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Definition
Protection from wear & tear, injury & harmful substances
Melanin protects from Ultra violent radiation |
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Term
| What are the layers of the dermis? |
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Definition
Papillary layer (superficial)
Reticular layer (deep) |
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Term
| Dermal papallae is part of what dermal layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the subcutaneous layer AKA? |
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Definition
| Hypodermis or superficial fascia |
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Term
| Where is the papillary layer? |
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Definition
| On Palmer surface of hands/planter surface of feet (papillae are arranged in ridges) |
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Term
| Where would phagocytes be located? |
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Definition
| Deep reticular dermal layer |
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Term
| What does the reticular layer contain? |
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Definition
| Blood vessels, sweet & oils glands, deep pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscles) |
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Term
| What is the subcutaneous layer composed of? |
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Definition
Loose connective tissue
(mostly adipose, some areolar)
Has blood vessels & nerve endings |
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Term
| What is the function of subcutaneous layer? |
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Definition
1)Connects skin to underlying muscle
2) Insulation
3) Temperature regulation
4) Sensory perception |
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Term
| What do the accessory structures of the skin do? |
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Definition
| Help protect the skin & give it more functions |
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Term
| What is included in the accessory structures of skin? |
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Definition
Sebaceous oil glands
Suboriferous sweat glands
Hair
Nails |
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Term
| What kind of glands are sebaceous glands? |
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Definition
Oil glands
Exocrine glands |
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Term
| What is the name of the oil sebaceous glands produce? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Lubricates skin & hair
Helps prevent water loss
Inhibit bacteria |
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Term
| What do sebaceous oil glands look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when the sebaceous glands are near the hair? |
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Definition
| Ducts open into half follicles |
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Term
| What kind of glands are suboriferous sweat glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do suboriferous glands produce? |
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Definition
Produce sweat
AKA perspiration |
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Term
| Where are suboriferous glands located? |
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Definition
| In dermis & subcutaneous tissue |
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Term
| What do suboriferous glands look like? |
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Definition
| Coiled, tubular structure |
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Term
| What sweat gland is very numerous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the eccrine gland do? |
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Definition
Serve a minor excretory function
Help control body temperature |
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Term
| How does the eccrine release sweat? |
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Definition
| Excretory tube opens at a pore on skin surface |
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Term
| What is in eccrine sweat ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would apocrine glands located? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do apocrine glands activate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sweat gland produce oder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does apocrine Sweat contain? |
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Definition
| Water, salts & organic compounds |
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Term
| What do apocrine glands respond to? |
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Definition
| Pain, emotional stress, sexual arousal |
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Term
| Do apocrine glands secrets into hair follicles? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Ceruminous glands
(modified sweat glands) |
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Term
| What produces eye lubrication? |
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Definition
Ciliary glands
(modified sweat glands)
located at the edges of eye |
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Term
|
Definition
Mammary glands
(modified sweat glands) |
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Term
| What is hair composed of? |
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Definition
| Mainly of keratin; non-living |
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Term
| What covers almost all of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What body regions grow no hair? |
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Definition
| Lips, palm, sole of feet, distal fingers & parts of genital area |
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Term
| What is the shaft of hair? |
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Definition
| Portion of the hair that projects above the skin |
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Term
| What is the root of hair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sheath of epithelial & connective tissue |
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Term
| What do hair follicles do? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where is a hair follicle located? |
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Definition
| Extends through epidermis into dermis |
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Term
| Melanocytes are part of what region & what do they do? |
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Definition
| Melanocytes in growth region add pigment |
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Term
| What are hair follicles attracted to? |
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Definition
| Arrector pili muscles ("goose bumps" (smooth muscle) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Smooth muscles that produce goose bumps |
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Term
|
Definition
1) Help grasp small objects
2) Protect finger tips & toes
3) Thin plates of stratum corneum that contain hard keratin |
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|
Term
| What is the free edge of a nail? |
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Definition
| Distal end of nail (part used to scratch with) |
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Term
| What is the nail plate or body? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Proximal end, covered with skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stratum basale; deep to nail plate (underneath nail) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Proximal portion of nail bed where growth occurs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nail plate over the matrix (located between cuticle & nail plate) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extension of stratum corneum over nail root (outer edge of skin around nail) |
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Term
| What does the integumentary system protects us from? |
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Definition
| Infection, dehydration (drying), UV radiation |
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Term
| What does the integumentary system regulate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does the integumentary system collect? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the functions of the integumentary system? |
|
Definition
1) Protection against infection
2) Protection against dehydration (dryness)
3) Protection against UV radiation
4) Regulation of body temperature
5) Collection of sensory information |
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Term
| What are the effects of massage on the integumentary system? |
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Definition
1) Increases skin temperature (indication of reduced stress)
2) Increases skin condition:
(Increase circulation delivering nutrients more efficiently)
{Improvement in condition, texture & tone}
3) Stimulates oil glands: Improve condition, decreases dryness
4) Improves skin conditions: reduced thickening or hardening of skin, increased healing of abrasions, reduced itching |
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Term
| How does the skin protect against infection? |
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Definition
1) Interlocking pattern resists penetration
2) Shedding removes pathogens
3) Secretions protect against bacterial toxins (sweat, sebum) |
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Term
| What forms an intact primary barrier against invasion? |
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Definition
| Skin protects against infections |
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Term
| Does the skin protects humans against some harmful environmental chemical? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does skin prevent water loss? |
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Definition
1) Keratin in the dermis
2) Sebum released from the sebaceous glands
3) Prevents dehydration & to much water from entering the body from swimming or bathing |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pigment found in skin & hair that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black |
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Term
| What do melanocytes transfer? |
|
Definition
| Transfers Melanin to skin & hair cells near them |
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Term
|
Definition
| Appears as an inclusion in skin cells to protect the DNA |
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|
Term
| How many cells are melanocytes in the stratum basale? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do constricting blood vessels in dermis do to the body? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Acting sweat glands sweat glands & dilating blood vessels does what to the body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the body cool down? |
|
Definition
| By acting sweat glands & dilating blood vessels in dermis cools body down |
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|
Term
| How does the body warm itself up? |
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Definition
| Constricting blood vessels in dermis raises body temperature |
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Term
| What are bare nerve endings? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Do free (bare) nerve endings have a connective tissue covering? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What do free (bare) nerve endings do? |
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Definition
| Detect pain & changes in temperature |
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Term
| What is another name for touch receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do touch receptors (Meissner's corpuscle) detect? |
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Definition
Light, discriminating touch
Example: Feeling a strand of hair underneath pages in a phone book |
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Term
| What is another name for deep pressure receptors? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does deep pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscle) detect? |
|
Definition
Tissue displacement or deformation
(enough to push tissue out of displacement)
Examples: Rubbing, pulling, pinching, poking, squeezing |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How does the body produce vitamin D? |
|
Definition
{Synthesized in skin}
Precursor molecule converted when exposed to small amounts of UV light |
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|
Term
| Why does the body produce vitamin D? |
|
Definition
| Needed for absorption of phosphorus & calcium |
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Term
| What does the skin excrete? |
|
Definition
| Water, electrolytes, wastes |
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|
Term
| What are the factors that influence skin color? |
|
Definition
| Melanin, hemoglobin, carotene |
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