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A.P. BIO CHAPTER 3 VOCAB
Molecules of Life
17
Biology
12th Grade
09/26/2010

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Term
Organic Compounds
Definition
molecules containing the element carbon and at least one hydrogen atom.
Term
Hydrocarbons
Definition
molecules consisting only of hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to carbon.
Term
Functional Groups
Definition
Particular Atoms or clusters of atoms covalently bonded to carbon.
Term
Monomer
Definition
any small molecule that is a repeating subunit in a polymer
Term
Polymer
Definition
Large molecule of multiple linked monomers
Term
Alcohols
Definition
Organic compounds which have one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH)
Term
Enzymes
Definition
a class of proteins that cause metabolic reactions to proceed much faster than they would on their own
Term
Condensation Reaction
Definition
type of chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded as a larger molecule; water often forms as a byproduct. (Enzyme Mediated RXN)
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
A cleavage reaction; an enzyme splits a molecule then the components of water are attached to the fragments
Term
Functional-Group Transfer
Definition
One molecule gives up a functional group entirely, and a different molecule immediately accepts it. (Enzyme Mediated RXN)
Term
Electron Transfer
Definition
One or more electrons stripped form one molecule are donated to another molecule (Enzyme Mediated RXN)
Term
Rearrangement
Definition
juggling of internal bonds converts one type of organic compound into another. (Enzyme Mediated RXN)
Term
Cleavage
Definition
a molecule splits into two smaller ones (Enzyme Mediated RXN)
Term
Lipid
Definition
one of the nonpolar hydrocarbons; fat, oil, wax, sterol, phospholipid, or glycolipid. Cells use as storage forms of energy and building blocks
Term
Fats
Definition
lipids with one, two, or three fatty acids dangling like tails from a gycerol molecule.
Term
Fatty Acid
Definition
organic comound habing a carboxyl group and a backbone of as many as thirty-six carbon atoms; saturated types have single bonds only; unsaturated types include one or more double covalent bonds
Term
Fatty Acid
Definition
organic comound habing a carboxyl group and a backbone of as many as thirty-six carbon atoms; saturated types have single bonds only; unsaturated types include one or more double covalent bonds
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