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A&P
Chapter 11 - Physiology of the Muscular System
77
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/10/2010

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Term
THE THREE GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM ARE TO..
Definition
PROVIDE MOVEMENT OF THE BODY AS A WHOLE OR OF ITS PARTS, HEAT PRODUCTION AND POSTURE.
Term
CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS ARE TO (4)
Definition
EXCITABILITY, CONTRACTILITY, EXTENSIBILITY, AND ELASTICITY
Term
EXCITABILITY
Definition
ABILITY TO BE STIMULATED
Term
CONTRACTILITY
Definition
ABILITY TO CONTRACT, OR SHORTEN AND PRODUCE BODY MOVEMENT
Term
EXTENSIBILITY
Definition
ABILITY TO EXTEND OR STRETCH
Term
ELASTICITY
Definition
ABILITY TO RETURN TO THEIR RESTING LENGTH
Term
SARCOLEMMA
Definition
IS THE PLASMA MEMBRAND OF MUSCLE FIBERS
Term
SACROBPLASMIC RETICULUM (SR) IS..
Definition
THE MEMBRAND OF THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CONTINUALLY PUMPING AND STORING CALCIUM IONS
Term
THERE IS MORE _)___ IN THE SR THEN SAIN THE SARCOLEMMA
Definition
CALCIUM
Term
THE MUSCLE FIBER CYTOPLASM IS AKA
Definition
CARCOPLASM
Term
MYOFIBRILS ARE..
Definition
NUMEROUS FINE FIBERS PACKED CLOSE TOGETHER IN SARCOPLASM
Term
SARCOMERE IS.. (3 THINGS)
Definition
SEGMENT OF MYOFIBRIL BETWEEN TWO SUCCESSIVE Z LINES, EACH MYOFIBRIL CONSISTS OF MANY SARCOMERES, AND IT IS THE CONTRACTILE UNIT O0F MUSCLE FIB ERS.
Term
THE _________ IS THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF A MUSCLE CELL.
Definition
SARCOMERE
Term
T TUBULES (2 THINGS THEY DO)
Definition
CONTINUALLY TRANSPORT CALCIUM IONS INWARD FROM THE SARCOPLASM AND ALLOW ELECTRICAL IMPULSES TO TRAVEL DEEPR INTO THE CELL
Term
MYOFILAMENTS (FUNCTION)
Definition
EACH MYOFIBRIL CONTAINS THOUSANDS OF THICK AND THIN MYOFILAMENTS
Term
Z LINES ARE LOCATED ON THE
Definition
I BAND
Term
THE ONLY PROTEIN MOLECULE N THICK FILAMENTS IS..
Definition
MYOSIN
Term
THE ______ MYOFILAMENT IS MADE UP OF ONE MOLECULE.
Definition
THICK
Term
THE FOUR DIFFERENT KINDS OF PROTEIN MOLECULES THAT MAKE UP MYOFILAMENTS ARE..
Definition
ACTIN, MYOSIN, TROPOMYOSIN AND TROPONIN
Term
TROPONIN IS..
Definition
THE PROTEIN THAT HOLDS TROPOMYOSIN MOLECULES IN PLACE.
Term
TROPOMYOSIN IS..
Definition
THE PROTEIN THAT BLOCKS THE ACTIVE SITES ON ACTIN MOLECULES
Term
____ FILAMENTS ATTACH TO BOTH Z LINES
Definition
THIN
Term
_____ MYOSIN FILAMENTS DO NOT ATTACH TO Z LINES
Definition
THICK
Term
A SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER REMAINS AT REST UNTIL STIMULATED BY A
Definition
MOTOR NEURON
Term
ACETYLCHOLINE IS A ..
Definition
NEUROTRANSMITTER
Term
ACETYLCHOLINE STIMULATES
Definition
RECEPTORS, AND INNITIATES IMPULSES IN THE SARCOLEMMA
Term
NERVE IMPULSES TRIGGER AND RELEASE
Definition
CALCIUM IONS
Term
CALCIUM BINDS TO
Definition
TROPONIN
Term
BECAUSE OF CALCIUM BONDING TO TROPONIN IT CAUSES TROPOMYOSIN TO..
Definition
SHIFT AND EXPOSE ACTIVE SITES ON ACTIN
Term
A RESTING MUSCLE HAS ALL OF THE CALCIUM WHERE?
Definition
IN THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICILUM
Term
WHEN ACTIVE SITES ON ACTIN ARE EXPOSED..
Definition
MYOSIN HEADS BIND TO THEM
Term
MYOSIN HEADS BEND
Definition
PULLING THE THIN FILAMENTS PAST THEM
Term
EACH HEAD RELEASES
Definition
THEN BINDS TO THE NEXT ACTIVE SITE AND PULLS AGAIN
Term
BECAUSE OF ALL OF THIS..
Definition
THE ENTIRE MYOFIBRIL SHORTENS
Term
IMMEDIATELY AFTER CALCIUM IONS ARE RELEASED
Definition
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM BEGINS ACTIVELY PUMPING THEM BACK INTO SACS
Term
CALCIUM IONS ARE REMOVED FROM TROPONIN MOLECULES
Definition
AND THUS SHUTS DOWN THE CONTRACTION
Term
ENERGY SOURCES FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION ARE..
Definition
HYDROLYSIS OF ATP, RESYNTHESIZING ATP FROM CREATIEN PHOSPHATE, CATABOLISM, AEROBIC RESPIRATION AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION.
Term
AT REST, EXCESS OXYGEN IS BOUND TO..
Definition
MYOGLOBIN
Term
RED FIBERS HAVE..
Definition
HIGH LEVELS OF MYOGLOBIN
Term
WHITE FIBERS HAVE..
Definition
LITTLE MYOGLOBIN
Term
THE GRADED STENGTH PRINCIPLE IS..
Definition
THE MUSCLE WILL ONLY CONTRACT THE UNITS NECESSARY NEEDED TO DO THE JOB
Term
A MOTOR UNIT IS..
Definition
A MOTOR NEURON PLUS THE MUSCLE FIBERS TO WHICH IT INNERVATES OR ATTACHES TO
Term
MYOGRAPHY IS..
Definition
A METHOD OF GRAPHING THE CHANGING TENSION OF A MUSCLE AS IT CONTRACTS
Term
THE TWITCH CONTRACTION IS..
Definition
A QUICK JERK OF A MUSCLE, GENERALLY IN EXPERIMENTAL SITUATIONS
Term
TREPPE IS..
Definition
THE STAIRCASE PHENOMENON
Term
TREPPE IS A GRADUAL..
Definition
STEPLIKE INCREASE IN STRENGTH OF CONTRACTIONS SEEN IN A SERIES OF TWITCH CONTRACTIONS THAT OCCUR ONE SECOND APART.
Term
TETANUS IS A..
Definition
SUSTAINED COMPLETE CONTRACTION WITH NO RESTING PERIOD
Term
MUSCLE TONE IS A ________ ____________.
Definition
PARTIAL CONTRACTION
Term
A TONIC CONTRACTION IS..
Definition
ACONTINUAL PARTIAL CONTRACTION OF A MUSCLE
Term
LESS MUSCLE TONE =
Definition
FLACID
Term
MORE MUSCLE TONE =
Definition
SPASTIC
Term
IF THE OBJECT IS LEAVING THE EARTH IT IS CONSIDERED
Definition
CONCENTRIC
Term
IF THE OBJECT IS COMING TOWARD THE EARTH IT IS..
Definition
ECCENTRIC
Term
ISOTONIC CONTRACTION MEANS..
Definition
TONE OR TENSION WITHIN MUSCLE REMAINS THE SAME AS THE LENGTH OF THE MUSCLE CHANGES
Term
CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC ARE __________ CONTRACTIONS.
Definition
ISOTONIC
Term
CONCENTRIC
Definition
MUSCLE SHORTENS AS IT CONTRACTS
Term
ECCENTRIC
Definition
MUSCLE LENGTHENS WHILE CONTRACTING
Term
ISOTONIC SAME..
Definition
TENSION CHANGING LENGTH
Term
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION MEANS..
Definition
SAME LENGTH
Term
MUSCLE LENGTH REMAINS..
Definition
THE SAME WHILE TENSION INCREASES
Term
ISOMETRIC
Definition
SAME LENGTH CHANGING TENSION
Term
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS ARE CONTRACTIONS THAT..
Definition
DO NOT MOVE
Term
CARDIAC MUSCLE IS..
Definition
STRAITED INVOLENTARY MUSCLE
Term
CARDIACM MUSCLE CONTRACTS..
Definition
RYTHMICALLY AND CONTINUOUSLY
Term
ARDIAC MUSCLE HAS SPECIALIZED FEATURES RELATED TO..
Definition
ITS ROLE INCONTINUOUSLY PUMPING BLOOD
Term
CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS INTERCALATED DISCS WHICH..
Definition
ARE STRONG, ELECTRICALLY COUPLED JUNCTIONS
Term
SYNCYTIUM IS..
Definition
CONTINUOOUS ELECTRICALLY COUPLED MASS OF THE MUSCLE PLASMA MEMBRANE
Term
CARDIAC MUSCLES CONDUCT A SIMGLE IMPULSE..
Definition
ACCRSOS A VIRTUALLY CONTINUOUS SARCOLEMMA.
Term
CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS A..
Definition
.LONGER IMPULSE AND NO TETANUS
Term
CARDIAC MMUSCLE DOES NOT..
Definition
RUN LOW ON ATP OR EXPERIENCE FATIGUE
Term
________ MUSCLE IS SELF-STIMULATING
Definition
CARDIAC
Term
________ MUSCLE HAS SMALL, TAPERED CELLS WITH A SINGLE NUCLEI.
Definition
SMOOTH
Term
NO T TUBULES ARE PRESENT IN..
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
CALCIUM COMES FROM OUTSIDE THE CELL AND BINDS TO _______ INSTEAD OF TROPONIN IN SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Definition
CALMODULIN
Term
THERE ARE NO ________ IN SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Definition
STRIATIONS
Term
THICK AND THIN MYOFILAMENTS ARE ARRANGED DIFFERENTLY IN ______ MUSCLE.
Definition
SMOOTH
Term
MYOFILAMENTS ARE NOT ORGANIZED IN SARCOMERES IN ______ MUSCLE.
Definition
SMOOTH
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