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| Transport processes are either ______________ requiring no energy or ____________ requiring metabolic energy. |
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Definition
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| Passive transport processes usually move molecules _________ a concentration gradient, while active transport processes usually move molecules ______ a concentration gradient. |
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| Moving down a concentration gradient simply means that molecules move from a ______ concentration to an area of _________ concentration. Moving up a gradient is the opposite. |
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| The simplest form of passive transport is _____________ which can even occur across a permeable _____________. |
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| Phospholipid bilayers are said to be ________-permeable because not all molecules can permeate through them. |
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| Small and ____________ molecules can pass through a membrane with ease. |
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Definition
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| Large or _____________ molecules cannot. |
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| ____________ is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to a solute concentration gradient. Water will osmose from an area of __________ solute concentration to an area of _________ solute concentration. |
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Definition
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| Osmosis usually results in a __________ of volume on one side of the membrane and a ________ of volume on the other. |
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| The resulting pressure from osmosis is called __________ pressure. |
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Definition
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| Two solutions are _____________ if they contain the same solute concentration. |
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Definition
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| When comparing two solutions, the one with higher solute concentration is ______________ while the one with lower solute concentration is _________________. |
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Definition
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| Water always osmoses from a ________-tonic solution to a _________-tonic solution. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ diffusion is when molecules have help from ch___________ proteins or c_________ proteins. |
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Definition
| FACILITATED, CHANNEL OR CARRIER |
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Term
| In channel mediated transport, gates can be ___________ or ____________, and molecules can move through a hole in the channel. |
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Definition
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Term
| Because these membrane proteins can be specific, it gives the membrane the property of being _____________ permeable. |
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Definition
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| _________ proteins physically attract and bind a solute, it changes shape, and then dumps the solute to the other side of the membrane. The flow of solute depends on the gradient. |
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Definition
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| Active processes involve the use of ___________ or transport by v____________. |
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Definition
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| Pumps transport molecules __________ their concentration gradient and require ___________ energy. |
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Definition
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| Transport by _________ involves the engulfment of substances by a membrane. The solute never actually crosses a membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two examples of active transport pumps are the ____________ pump and the ___________-___________ pump. |
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Definition
| CALCIUM, SODIUM-POTASIUM PUMPS |
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Term
| In ________________ the cell uses its plasma membrane to trap extraceullar material and bring it into the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| The two types of endocytosis are ______________ (cell eating) and ________________ (cell drinking). |
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Definition
| PHAGOCYTOSIS (CELL EATING), PINOCYTOSIS (CELL DRINKING) |
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Term
| ________________ is used to export large molecules from the cell or to add material to the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes act as _____________ to promote reactions that would normally take too long to occur. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes work by ______________ the activation energy that is needed for a reaction to occur. |
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Definition
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| Enzymes function to __________________ cell metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes are structurally complex and can take on a _____________ or ______________ form of protein structure. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes have an ________ __________ where its substrate binds to. A substrate will bind to an enzyme specifically like a key fits a lock. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes usually have an -______ ending in their name. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ part of an enzymes name tells more about what reaction the enzyme catalyzes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes are able to regulate _________________ _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| They behave similar to components on an _____________ ________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ effectors are things that can change an enzymes shape and therefore affect its activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The site on an enzyme that binds to an allosteric effector is the _______________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Allosteric effectors can either a_____________ an enzyme or i______________ an enzyme. |
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Definition
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Term
| Other things that can affect enzyme function are ionizing radiation, ________________, and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most enzyme reactions are ___________________. |
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Definition
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| Some enzymes are synthesized by an inactive _________________ which must then be converted to an active form. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell respiration includes ___ phases. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ is a process in which glucose is split into two. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___________ acid cycle is where glucose is burned into CO2 and high energy NADH and FADH2 molecules are created. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____________ transport system uses the energy from NADH and FADH2 to create a _____ gradient, which is then used to create most of the ATP. |
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Definition
| ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ETS), H+ GRADIENT |
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Term
| The ____________ dogma describes how information flows from DNA to Protein. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ is the process of duplicating DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ is the process of creating RNA using DNA as a template. |
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Definition
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| _______________ is the process of making proteins using RNA as the template. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ is the process in which one cell becomes two cells that are genetically identical to the mother cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first cell cycle phase is ________________ is where cell growth and DNA replication occur if the cell is to continue through the cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| The second cell cycle phase is ________________ is where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope dissolves. |
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Definition
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| The third cell cycle phase is ________________ is where chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell. |
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Definition
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| The fourth cell cycle phase is ________________ is where chromosomes are pulled apart and distributed evenly to opposite sides of the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| The fifth cell cycle phase is ________________ is where the cell finally splits in two, chromosomes become chromatin, and the nuclear envelopes reappear, resulting in two identical daughter cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________________ is a process in which one diploid cell (46 chromo) becomes 4 haploid (23 chromo) cells. It is used to create gametes. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________________________________ are the engine that functions to move a cell through its life cycle. |
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Definition
| CYCLIN-DEPENEDENT KINASES |
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Term
| _________________ control CDKs causing a shift into the different phases of the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| INTERPHASE, PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE |
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