Term
| The urinary system is made up of what? |
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Definition
1. Two kidneys
2. Two ureters
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra |
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Term
| The functions of the _______ include removing waste products from the blood, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and secreting substances that affect blood pressure and other important body functions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidneys normally excrete _-_ L of urine per day. |
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Definition
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Term
| The excretory system consists of the following: (name 5) |
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Definition
1. calyces (urine draining branches in the kidney)
2. renal pelvis (1 and 2 together form the pelvicaliceal system)
3. ureters x2
4. urinary bladder
5. urethra |
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Term
| The suprarenal or adrenal glands are closely associated with the urinary system. They are two ductless _________ glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each suprarenal gland consists of a small, flattened body composed of an internal _________ portion and an outer ________ portion. |
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Definition
1. internal medullary portion
2. outer cortical portion |
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Term
| The suprarenal glands furnish what two important substances? |
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Definition
1. epinephrine
2. cortical hormones |
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Term
| Epinephrine is secreted by the _______ of the suprarenal gland. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cortical hormones are secreted by the ______ of the suprarenal gland. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) The suprarenal circulation may be shown by selective catheterization of a suprarenal artery or vein in angiographic procedures. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ kidney is usually slightly longer and narrower than the _____ kidney. |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidneys are situated behind the __________ and are in contact with the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
| behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneal) |
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Term
| The kidneys are in the same coronal plane as what vertebra? |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidneys normally extend from the level of the superior border of T__ to the level of the transverse processes of L_ in sthenic individuals. |
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Definition
| superior border of T12-tranverse processes of L3 |
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Term
| The kidneys are usually higher in individuals with a/n ____________ habitus and lower in individuals with a/n ________ habitus. |
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Definition
higher = hypersthenic
lower = asthenic |
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Term
| Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney? |
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Definition
| Because of the large space occupied by the liver |
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Term
| The outer covering of the kidney is called the _____ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each kidney is embedded in a mass of fatty tissue called the _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The capsule and kidney are enveloped in a sheath of superficial fascia called the _____ fascia, which is attached to the diaphragm, lumbar vertebrae, peritoneum, and other adjacent structures. |
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Definition
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Term
| The concave medial border of each kidney has a longitudinal slit called the _____ that serves as a transmission area for blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the ureter. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hilum expands into the body of the kidney to form a central cavity called the _____ sinus. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ _____ is a fat-filled space surrounding the renal pelvis and vessels. |
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Definition
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Term
| The word renal refers to the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each kidney has an outer renal ______ and an inner renal _______. |
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Definition
outer = cortex
inner = medulla |
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Term
| The renal _______ is composed mainly of the collecting tubules that give it a striated appearance. |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal medulla contains 8-15 cone-shaped segments called the renal ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some portions of the renal cortex extend medially between the pyramids to the renal sinus. These extensions of the cortex are called renal _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The essential microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney are called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each kidney contains approximately _ million nephrons. |
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Definition
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Term
| The individual nephron is composed of the renal _________ and the renal ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal _________ consists of a double-walled membranous cup called the glomerular capsule aka ______ capsule and a cluster of blood capillaries called glomerulus. |
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Definition
1. renal corpuscle
2. glomerular capsule = Bowman capsule |
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Term
| The vessel entering the glomerular capsule is called the ________ arteriole, and the one leaving the capsule is termed the ________ arteriole. |
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Definition
entering = afferent
exiting = efferent |
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Term
| The __________ serves as a filter for the blood, permitting water and finely disolved substances to pass through the walls of the capillaries into the capsule. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ are cup-shaped stems arising at the sides of the papilla of each renal pyramid. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each calyx encloses one or more papillae, so that there are usually (more/fewer) calyces than pyramids. |
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Definition
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Term
| The wide, upper portion of the renal pelvis lies within the hilum, and its tapering lower part passes through the hilum to become continuous with the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The area where the renal pelvis transitions to the ureter is called the _____________ junction (UPJ) |
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Definition
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Term
| Each ureter is __-__ inches long. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ureters enter the posterolateral surface of the urinary bladder at approximately the level of the _______ spine. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ convey the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder by slow, rhythmic peristaltic contractions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ _______ is a musculomembranous sac that serves as a resevoir for urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most fixed part of the bladder is the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The neck of the bladder rests on the ________ in males and on the ______ _________ in females. |
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Definition
males = prostate
females = pelvic diaphragm |
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Term
| The adult bladder can hold approximately ___ mL of fluid when completely full. |
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Definition
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Term
| The urge for micturition occurs when about ___ mL of urine is in the bladder. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ is the lowest part of the bladder. |
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Definition
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Term
| The triangular area in the bladder between the three orifices is called the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ is a narrow, musculomembranous tube with a sphincter type of muscle at the neck of the bladder. Its job is to convey urine out of the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| The urethra extends about __ inches in the female and _-_ inches in the male. |
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Definition
| 1.5 inches = female 7-8 inches = male |
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Term
| The male urethra is divided into three portions. What are they? |
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Definition
1. prostatic
2. membranous
3. spongy |
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Term
| The distal prostatic, membranous, and spongy parts of the male urethra also serve as the _________ canal of the reproductive system. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) The prostate is not considered part of the male reproductive system. |
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Definition
| False (it is part of the male reproductive system) |
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