Term
| The abdominal cavity contains what bodily organs? |
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Definition
1. stomach
2. small intestine
3. large intestine
4. liver
5. gallbladder
6. spleen
7. pancreas
8. kidneys |
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Term
| The pelvic cavity contains what bodily organs? |
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Definition
1. rectum and sigmoid of the large intestine
2. urinary bladder
3. reproductive organs |
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Term
| The abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed in a double-walled seromembranous sac called the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The outer portion of the peritoneum is called the ________ peritoneum. |
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Definition
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Term
| The inner portion of the peritoneum is called the ________ peritoneum. |
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Definition
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Term
| The peritoneum forms folds called the _________ and ______, which serve to support the viscera in position. |
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Definition
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Term
| The space between the two layers of the peritoneum is called the __________ ______ and contains serous fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______________ is the cavity behind the peritoneum. Organs such as the kidneys and pancreas lie in this cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The digestive system consists of what two parts? |
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Definition
| 1. accessory glands 2. alimentary canal |
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Term
| What are the accessory glands? |
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Definition
1. salivary glands
2. liver
3. gallbladder
4. pancreas |
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Term
| What do the accessory glands do? |
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Definition
| The accessory glands secrete digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal. |
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Term
| What is the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
| It is a musculomembranous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. |
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Term
| What are the component parts of the alimentary canal and what is their purpose? |
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Definition
1. mouth - mastication
2. pharynx - organ of swallowing
3. esophagus - organ of swallowing
4. stomach - digestive process begins
5. small intestine - where digestive process is completed
6. large intestine - egestion and water absorption
7. anus - where process terminates |
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Term
| The adult esophagus is approximately __ inches long and _/_ inch in diameter. |
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Definition
10 inches long
3/4 inch diameter |
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Term
| The esophagus has a wall composed of four layers. Beginning with outermost layer, what are they? |
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Definition
1. fibrous
2. muscular
3. submucosal
4. mucosal |
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Term
| The esophagus joins the stomach at the ______________ junction. |
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Definition
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Term
| The esophagogastric junction is at the level of what landmark? |
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Definition
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Term
| The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus, which lies in the abdomen, is called the ______ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The wall of the stomach is composed of the same four layers as what other organs of the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
| 1. esophagus 2. small intestine 3. large intestine |
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Term
| The stomach is divided into what four portions? |
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Definition
1. cardia
2. fundus
3. body
4. pyloric portion |
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Term
| The inner mucosal layer of the body of the stomach contains numerous longitudinal folds called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sharp angle at the esophagogastric junction where the greater curvature of the stomach begins is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The greater curvature of the stomach is _ to _ times longer than the lesser curvature. |
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Definition
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Term
| The esophagus joins the stomach at the esophagogastric junction through an opening termed the _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The muscle controlling the cardiac orifice (the superior opening of the stomach) is called the ______ _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| The muscle controlling the pyloric orifice (the inferior opening of the stomach) is called the ______ _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The habitus of __% of the population is either sthenic or hyposthenic. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) The stomach not only breaks down food, but it also serves as a storage area for food until it can be digested further. |
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Definition
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Term
| Acids and enzymes break down food __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Food is mechanically broken down through churning and ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Food that has been mechanically and chemically altered in the stomach is transported to the duodenum as a material called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Digestion and absorption of food occur in which portion of the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| The length of the adult small intestine averages about __ ft, and its diameter is anywhere from _ - __ inches. |
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Definition
22 ft long
1 inch (distal portion) - 1.5 inches (proximal portion) |
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Term
| The wall of the small intestine contains the same four layers as the walls of what three other organs of the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
1. esophagus
2. stomach
3. large intestine |
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Term
| The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of finger-like projections called _____, which assist the process of digestion and absorption. |
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Definition
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Term
| The small intestine is divided into three portions. What are they? |
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Definition
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum |
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Term
| The ________ is the widest portion of the small intestine. |
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Definition
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Term
| The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the ________________ ampulla. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for the suspensory muscle of the duodenum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the _____________ flexure. |
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Definition
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Term
| The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The large intestine is split up into four main portions. What are they? |
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Definition
1. cecum
2. colon
3. rectum
4. anal canal |
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Term
| The large intestine is about _ feet long. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) The main functions of the large intestine are reabsorption of fluids and elimination of waste products. |
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Definition
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Term
| The colon is subdivided into four portions. What are they? |
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Definition
1. ascending
2. transverse
3. descending
4. sigmoid |
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Term
| What is the longest and most movable part of the colon? |
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Definition
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Term
| The rectum is about _ inches long. |
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Definition
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Term
| Just above the anal canal is a dilation called the rectal _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What important fact about the rectum and anal canal must be remembered when an enema tube is inserted? |
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Definition
| The rectum and anal canal have two AP curves. |
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Term
| The muscular portion of the intestinal wall contains an external band of longitudinal muscle that forms into three thickened bands called _______ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The taeniae coli create a pulling muscle tone that forms a series of pouches called _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest gland in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| At the falciform ligament, the liver is divided into a large _____ lobe and a much smaller ____ lobe. |
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Definition
large right lobe
smaller left lobe |
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Term
| Two minor lobes of the liver are located on the medial side of the right lobe: the _______ lobe on the posterior surface and the ________ lobe on the inferior surface. |
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Definition
caudate lobe - posterior surface
quadrate lobe - inferior surface |
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Term
| Where is the hilum of the liver (porta hepatis) located? |
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Definition
| It's situated transversely between the quadrate and caudate lobes. |
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Term
| The ______ vein and the _______ artery convey blood to the liver through the porta hepatis (hilum of the liver). |
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Definition
| portal vein and hepatic artery |
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Term
| The liver secretes bile at a rate of _ - _ pints each day. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the body's way of eliminating waste products of red blood cell destruction. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) Bile is an excretion, not a secretion. |
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Definition
| False: bile is an excretion and a secretion. |
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Term
| The bile is collected from the liver cells by the ducts and either carried to the ___________ for temporary storage or poured directly into the ________ through the common bile duct. |
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Definition
1. gallbladder
2. duodenum |
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Term
| The biliary system is also known as the _________ system. |
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Definition
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Term
| The biliary system of the liver consists of ____ _____ and the ___________. |
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Definition
1. bile ducts
2. gallbladder |
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Term
| There are two main ducts leading from each major lobe of the liver. They are known as the _______ ducts. |
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Definition
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Term
| The two main hepatic ducts of the liver join to form the ______ hepatic duct. |
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Definition
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Term
| The common hepatic duct unites with the cystic duct to form the ______ ____ duct. |
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Definition
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Term
| The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct and they enter together or side by side into an enlarged chamber known as the the hepatopancreatic ampulla or _______ __ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater opens into the descending portion of the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The distal end of the common bile duct is controlled by the ___________ sphincter as it enters the duodenum. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater is controlled by a circular muscle known as the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla or the sphincter of ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) The gallbladder concentrates bile and it also acts as a temporary storage depository. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater opens on an elevation on the duodenal mucosa known as the _____ duodenal _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___________ is a thin-walled, more or less pear-shaped musculomembranous sac with the capacity of approximately 2 oz. |
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Definition
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Term
| The muscular contraction of the gallbladder is activated by a hormone called _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The gallbladder consists of a narrow ____ that is continuous with the cystic duct, a ____ or main portion, and a ______, which is its broad lower portion. |
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Definition
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Term
| The gallbladder measures about _ inch in width and _ - _ inches in length. |
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Definition
1 inch width
3-4 inches length |
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Term
| The pancreas is about __ inches long. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pancreas gland consists of a ____, ____, ____, and ____. |
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Definition
1. head
2. neck
3. body
4. tail |
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Term
| (True or False) The pancreas can be seen on plain radiographic studies. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pancreas is an ________ and an _________ gland. |
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Definition
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Term
| The exocrine cells of the pancreas are arranged in lobules with a highly ramified duct system which produces __________ _____, which acts on proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of clusters of islet cells, or islets, or Langerhans which produce the hormones _______ and ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormones _______ and ________ are responsible for the body's glucose metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| The spleen belongs to the _________ system. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ is a gland-like but ductless organ that produces lymphocytes and stores and removes dead or dying red blood cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| The spleen measures about _ inches long and _ inches wide. |
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Definition
5 inches long
3 inches wide |
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Term
| (True or False) The spleen is visualized with and without contrast media. |
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Definition
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