Term
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Definition
| Elevator: Elevate velum (primary elevator) |
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Term
| Musculus uvulae (Medial and posterior portions of the velum) |
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Definition
| Elevatator: Elevate and shorten velum |
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Term
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Definition
| Depressor: Dilate Eustachian tube |
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Term
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Definition
| Depressor: Depress velum (elevate tongue) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Infant responds to tactile stimulation of lips or cheeks.
Infants turns toward stimulus and opens mouth
Disappears around 4 mths gradually gains control. |
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Term
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Definition
Allows infant to recieve food from mother's breast
Linked with the rooting reflex.
Causes infants to instinctively suck.
Gradually disappears around 3 mnths |
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Term
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Definition
| (mastication) --> muscles : facial muscles, mandibular muscles, tongue muscles, velar muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Bolus transmitted to the pharynx. Oral stage beins when the bolus is ready to be swallowed
Tongue base: elevated during chewing.
muscles: mandibular muscles, tongue muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Bolus reaches faucial pillars.
The oropharynx is separated from the nasopharynx
Respiration ceasesreflexively at this point
Velum elevated, tongue retracted lips sealed |
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Term
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Definition
Oral and nasal outlets: sealed
Protect airways- vocal folds adduction, false vocal folds constriction, epiglottis depression, larynx elevation
food passes over epiglottis though the pyriform sinuses to the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
Final stage.
Purely reflexive and within voluntary control
Beings when bolus reaches the orifice of esophagus.
Swallowing involves peristaltic (wavelike) movement of the bolus
Bolus enters stomach |
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Term
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Definition
Hearing: Essential element of verbal communication.
Ears change acoustic energy into electrochemical energy.
Structures outer, middle, inner, auditory pathways. |
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Term
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Definition
"ear"
made by cartilaginous framewor
captures sound energy
aids localization of sound in space |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms the curled margin of the pinna |
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Term
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Definition
| The entrance to the ear canal |
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Term
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Definition
| A similar fold of tissue marking the entrance to the concha |
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Term
| Cavum (a hollar or sinus) concha |
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Definition
| The deep portion of the concha |
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Term
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Definition
| The anterior extension of the helix marking the anterior entrance to the concha |
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Term
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Definition
A small projection in front of the external opening of the ear
A flap of skin covered cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior and inferior to the tragus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Scaphoid (shaped like a boat) fossa (small cavity or depression) |
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Definition
| The depression between helix and antihelix |
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Term
| Crura of antihelix (outer ear) |
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Definition
| The antihelix bifurcates superiorly, producing the cruca antihelicis |
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Term
| Triangular fossa (outer ear) |
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Definition
| The space between the cruca of antihhelix |
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Term
| External auditory meatus (outer ear) |
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Definition
External ear canal
Meaetus acousticus externus
Terminates the tympanic membrane
Two-thirds of ear of ear canal housed in bone (medial)
One-third of ear canal composed of cartilaginous parts (Lateral) |
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Term
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Definition
Eardrum
Making boundary between the outer and middle ear
Outer: Skin lining
Intermittent: Fibrous layer
Inner: Mucous layer |
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Term
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Definition
Contains the three smallest bones of the body.
Bones of middle ear called ossicles
Ossicular chain of three articulated bones provides the means for transmission of acoustic energy impinging on the TM to the inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
Largest of the ossicles
Provides the point of attachement with he TM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A long process attaching to the TM along its length |
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Term
| Anterior and lateral processes |
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Definition
| Providing points of attachment for ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
Shaped like an anvil
Provides intermediate link ossicular chain
Incus and malleus articulate by means of a saddle joint (malleoincudal joint) |
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Term
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Definition
Third bone of ossicular chain
Helps to transmit sound vibrations from eardrum to oval window
Articulation of the incus and stapes of ball and socket type (Incudostapedial joint)
Anterior and posterior cura
Footplate |
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Term
| Tympanic muscle: Stapedius muscle |
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Definition
origin: Posterior wall of middle ear
Insertion: stapes
Function: stiffening the ossicular chain |
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Term
| Tympanic muscles: Tensor tympani |
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Definition
Origin: Eustachian tube and sphenoid bone
Insertion: Malleus (manubrium)
Function: Stiffening the ossicular chain |
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Term
| Stapedius and tensor tympani |
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Definition
Stiffening the ossicular chain
Stiffening the middle ear transmission system
Contraction of these muscles reduces the strength of the signal reaching the cochlea
Protecting the coclea due to high signal intensity |
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Term
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Definition
| The most depressed portion of this concavity |
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Term
| Cone of light: The location inferior and anterior to the umbo |
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Definition
| It reflects the light of the audiologist's otoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| The superior quadrant of the TM |
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Term
| Manubrium (behind membrane) |
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Definition
| The handle of the malleus |
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Term
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Definition
| In which the footplate of the stapes is embedded, lies in the superior posterior aspects |
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Term
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Definition
| An opening sealed by the entrance into the scala tympani of the coclea |
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Term
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Definition
| A bulge created by the basal turn of the coclea |
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Term
| Middle ear: Malleoincudal joint (saddle) |
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Definition
Malleus: Head
Incus: Articular surface malleolar facet |
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Term
| Incudostapedial joint (ball and socket) |
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Definition
Incus: Lenticular process
Stapes: Head |
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Term
| Inner Ear: Osseous or bony labyrinth |
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Definition
Contains inner ear structures
Osseous vestibule
Osseous semicircular canals
Osseous cochlear labyrinth
Vestibule provides entrance to structure |
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Term
| Osseous or Bony Vestibule |
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Definition
The vestibule space is continuous with both the vestibular mechanism and the cochlea
The oval window resides in the lateral wall of the vestibule |
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Term
| Osseous semicirculat Canals |
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Definition
Three canals of the vestibular system
House the sense organs for the movement of the body in space
Responsible for sensation of movement of the head in space
The interaction of the three permits the brain to code three-dimensional space |
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Term
| Osseous Cochlear Labyrinth |
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Definition
Coiled snail shell
Diveded into two incomplete chambers scala vestubuli, scal tympani
Forms point of attachment for the scala media
houses the sensory organ for hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| a clear, watery fluid fills the scala vestibuli and scala tympani |
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Term
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Definition
Sensory organ of hearing within inner ear
Has four rows of hair cells: 3 rows of outer cells and a single row of inner cells
Outer hair cells: acoustic amplifiers
Inner hair cells: from sound to nerve signal |
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Term
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Definition
| The outer three rows of hair cells are separated from the single row of inner hair cells. |
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Term
| Osseous Cochlear Labyrinth: Apex |
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Definition
| The osseous cochlear labyrinth coils out from its base near the vestibule wrapping around itself 3 time s before reaching the apex |
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Term
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Definition
| forms the floor of the scala media, separating the scala media and scala tympani |
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Term
| Stereocilia (sensory hairs) |
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Definition
| protrude from surface of hair cells |
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Term
| Impedance-matching device |
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Definition
increases the pressure of a signal arriving at the coclea
Impedance: resistance to the flow of energy
Matching the impedance of two conductive systems the outer and the cochlea |
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Term
| Basilar membrane characteristics |
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Definition
| Thicker flaccid, and wider from base to apex |
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Term
| Mechanical events: Traveling wave |
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Definition
Always travels from base to apex due to impedance gradient of basilar membrane
WAve like action of basilar membrane
Moves along basilar membrane until it reaches the point of maximum growth
Wave damps after reaching the maximum growth |
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Term
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Definition
Hair cells are displaced as the traveling wave moves along the basilar membrane
Initiation of electrical events in cochlea
Depends on sterocilia
Basilar membrane is displaced toward scala vestibuli
Hair cells are activated
Electrical potentials are initiated |
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Term
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Definition
| Establishing communications between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani |
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