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Definition
Testes and ovaries
The essential organs of reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
The primary reproductive organs of the male
Exocrine function: sperm production
Endocrine function: testosterone production |
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| Parts of the male reproductive system |
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Definition
Scrotum (houses testes), epididymis, bulbourethral gland, prostate, ureter, urinary bladder, bulb of penis, corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, glans penis, prepuce
Ductus (vas) deferens -> ampulla of ductus deferens -> ejaculatory duct -> prostatic urethra -> membranous urethra -> spongy urethra -> external urethral orifice |
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Definition
| Contraction of the ejaculatory duct propels the sperm through the prostate to the prostatic urethra, which empties into the membranous urethra and then the spongy urethra, which extends to the exterior of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
A small incision is made in each side of the scrotum, and each ductus deferens is cut through or tied
Male sterilization |
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Term
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Definition
The prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands
Produce seminal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Inferior to prostate
Produce alkaline mucus that drains into the membranous urethra
Neutralizes urine and acts as a buffer against the acidity of the vaginal |
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Term
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Definition
Produce most of the seminal fluid
Just behind the bladder
Fructose-containing fluid to nourish sperm |
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Term
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Definition
Encircles the urethra
Secretes a milky fluid that helps activate the sperm |
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Definition
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Definition
Penis becomes rigid and enlarged
Paired corpora cavernosa and single corpus spongiosum engorge with blood |
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Term
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Definition
Covered by tunica albuginea
Extension of this divide the testis into lobes, each of which houses 1-4 seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules converge to empty sperm into rete testis, through which they travel to the epididymis
Interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Between seminiferous tubules, produce testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
Primary reproductive organs of the female
Exocrine function: produce eggs
Endocrine function: produce estrogens and progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
Vulva
Consists of the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora
Labia minora encloses the vestibule, which contains the clitoris, urethral and vaginal orifices, hymen, and greater vestibular glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and ligaments and supporting structures |
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Term
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Definition
Narrow end = cervix
Major portion = body
Top = fundus
Lining = endometrium
Houses the implanted fertilized egg |
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Term
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Definition
Thick mucosal lining of uterus
Superficial functional layer (sloughed off in menstruation)
Deeper basal layer (forms a new functionalis after menstruation ends) |
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Term
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Definition
Enter the superolateral region of the uterus and extend laterally toward ovaries
Distal ends are funnel-shaped with fingerlike projections called fimbriae
No actual contact with the ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
Broad ligament, including the mesometrium, mesosalpinx, and mesovarium
Round ligaments
Uterosacral ligaments'Ovarian legaments
Suspensory ligmantes |
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Term
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Definition
Egg developing within follicle reaches the appropriate stage of maturity
Ejected from the ovary (ovulation)
Ruptured follicle is converted to corpus luteum |
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Term
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Definition
Made from ruptured follicle, becomes another endocrine gland
Secretes progesterone and estrogens
A solid glandular structure or strucutre containing scalloped lumen that develops from the ruptured follicle |
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Term
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Definition
Glands within the breasts in both sexes, but have a reproduction-related function only in females
Function: to produce milk to nourish infant |
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Term
| Parts of the mammary glands |
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Definition
Areola, nipple (externally)
15-25 lobes which radiate around the nipple and are separated by fibrous CT and adipose tissue
Lobules within lobes contain glandular alveoli, lactiferous ducts, and lactiferous sinus |
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Term
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Definition
Glands in the lobules of the mammary glands that produce milk during lactation
Pass the milk through lactiferous ducts into the lactiferous sinus, which opens at the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
Human sperm production
Occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes
Spermatogonia divide extensively, and at puberty FSH prompts specialization
Spermatogonia --(mitosis)--> [1 spermatogonium and] 1 primary spermatocyte --(meiosis I)--> secondary spermatocytes --(meiosis II)--> spermatids --(spermiogenesis)--> sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that follows meiosis in spermatogenesis, stripping away the extraneous cytoplasm from the spermatid and converting it to a motile sperm |
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Definition
| Elongated cells that contain spermatids in the seminiferous tubules, and nourish them |
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Term
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Definition
| Acrosome, head, midpiece, tail |
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Term
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Definition
Female gamete formation, which occurs in the ovary
Oogonia in the fetal ovarian cortices --(mitosis)--> primary oocyte in childhood arrested in prophase I--(meiosis I)--> secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase II --(ovulation and sperm penetration, and thus meiosis II)--> ovum |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains immature ova, encasing it with one or more layers of follicle cells (one layer) or granulosa cells (multiple layers) |
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Term
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Definition
| Outermost layer of the ovary |
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Term
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Definition
| One or several layers of cuboidal follicle cells surrounding the larger central developing ovum |
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Term
| Secondary follicles (growing) |
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Definition
| Consist of several layers of follicle (granulosa) cells surrounding the central ovum, accumulation and antrum (central cavity) formation |
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Term
| Vesicular (Graafian) follicle |
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Definition
Follicle has a large antrum
Developing secondary oocyte is pushed to one side of the follicle and is surrounded by the corona radiata (which will follow it into the uterine tubes)
Theca folliculi (CT stoma forming a capsule adjacent to the mature follicle) encloses the follicle |
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