Term
| Type of tissue in epidermis |
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Definition
| keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium |
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Term
| type of tissue in papillary region of dermis |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 types of tissues making up subcutaneous layer |
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Definition
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Term
| skin receptor sensitive to pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| skin cells that produce fibrous protein, which protects skin from heat, microbes, chemicals, water |
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Definition
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Term
| skin cells give color to skin |
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Definition
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Term
| pigment that protect skin DNA from UV damage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Merkel cell+sensory neuron |
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Term
| structures in skin that are sensible to touch |
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Definition
1. Meissner's Corpuscle
2. Ruffini Corpuscle
3. Merkel discs
4. Hair Root Plexuses
5. Non-encapsulated free nerve endings |
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Term
| on which type of skin are Meissner's corpuscles typically located? |
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Definition
| hairless skin (eg. finger tips) |
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Term
| what kind of receptors are Meissner's corp.? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is root hair plexus? |
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Definition
| Root Hair Plexus = free nerve endings (dendrites) surrounding hair root. Allows sensation of touch |
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Term
| Skin structure sensible to stretching |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of touch do root hair plexuses sense? |
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Definition
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Term
| difference between sensation and perception |
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Definition
Sensation- subconscious change in internal/external environment.
Perception- conscious |
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Term
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Definition
1. Touch
2. Pain
3. Vision
4. Hearing |
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Term
| is touch a somatic of visceral sensation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure can serve as sensory receptor? |
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Definition
1. Specialized receptor cell
2. Dendrites of sensory neuron |
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Term
| two structures that sense vibration. To which extent? |
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Definition
Meissner's - low frequency vibration
Pacinian Corp. - high freq. vibration |
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Term
| What structure detects itch? |
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Definition
| non encapsulated free nerve endings |
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Term
| what structures detect tickle |
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Definition
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Term
| which structures sense temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of fibers transmit signals of touch, pressure, vibration |
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Definition
| Myelinated, large diameter A fibers; fast |
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Term
| what kind of fibers transmit impulses for itch and tickle? |
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Definition
| unmyelinated, slow, C fibers |
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Term
| which fibers transmit sensation of cold |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibers that transmit signals for warmth |
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Definition
| unmyelinated C fibers (in dermis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Nociceptors: free nerve endings |
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Term
| which somatic sensations are fast adaptive? |
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Definition
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Term
| which bone do olfactory nerves go through, on their way to the brain |
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Definition
| Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone |
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Term
| Which special senses trigger limbic system? |
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Definition
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Term
| which structure picks up sense of olfaction |
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Definition
| the Olfactory Receptor cells, which are the first-order-neurons |
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Term
| what type of receptors are olfactory receptor cells |
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Definition
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Term
| which cells replace olfactory receptor cells in their development? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is transduction of stimulus |
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Definition
| Converstion of energy in a stimulus into a graded potential |
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Term
| graded potentials occuring in sensory receptors are called |
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Definition
| generator/receptor potentials |
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Term
| the property through which each sensory receptor cand transduce only one kind of stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 steps in the process of sensation (at the nervous level) |
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Definition
1. Stimulation of the particular receptor (which is selective)
2. Transduction of stimulus (issue of receptor potential)
3. Generation of nerve impulse (generator potential reaches threshold)
4. Integration of sensory imput |
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Term
| what is the sensory receptor for pain |
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Definition
| free dendrite of first order neuron |
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Term
| what are the sensory receptors for vibration |
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Definition
| encapsulated nerve endings (Pacinian corpuscles) |
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Term
| what are the sensory receptors for thermal sensations |
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Definition
| free nerve endings of 1st order neuron |
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Term
| sensory receptor for tickle and itch |
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Definition
| free nerve endings of 1st order (sensory) neuron |
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Term
| sensory receptors for hearing |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory receptors for taste |
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Definition
| gustatory receptor cells (separate cells; not part of 1st order neuron) |
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Term
| sensory receptors for vision |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory receptors for olfaction |
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Definition
| 1st order neuron!!! (unlike other special senses, which have specialized cells as receptors) |
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Term
| in which structure are generator potentials produced |
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Definition
in 1. dendrites of free nerve endings
2. encapsulated nerve endings
3. receptive part of olfactory receptors
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Term
| in which structures are receptor potentials produced |
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Definition
| in the specialized receptor cells (gustatory, photoreceptors, etc. ) |
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Term
| How do specialized receptor cells communicate with 1st order neurons |
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Definition
| through exocytosis of synaptic vessicles which contain NT |
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Term
| based on the type of stimulus, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, hearing and equilibrium are what kind of receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of receptors are smell and taste |
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Definition
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Term
| is touch rapidly or slowly adaptive? |
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Definition
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Term
| is pressure rapidly or slowly adapting? |
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Definition
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Term
| is chemical composition of blood a slowly or rapidly adapting sensation |
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Definition
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Term
| pain felt further from the stimulated area (eg. heart attack and arm pain) |
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Definition
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Term
| why does referred pain occur? why does arm hurt in heart attack? |
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Definition
| Area where pain is felt and the area of visceral pain are served by same section of spinal cord |
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Term
| where are proprioceptors located |
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Definition
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Term
| three types of proprioceptors |
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Definition
1. muscle spindles
2. tendon organs
3. joint kinesthetic receptors (synovial joints) |
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Term
| areas in the brain where olfactory nerves terminate |
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Definition
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Term
| what is Olfactory tract made of |
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Definition
| axons of olfactory bulb neurons |
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Term
| in which area of the brain and in which lobe are olfactory impulses processed? |
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Definition
| Primary olfactory area: Temporal lobe |
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Term
| 2 areas of the brain where axons of olfactory tract might go to |
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Definition
1. hypothalamus
2. limbi system |
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Term
| the only sensations that do not synapse in thalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the first order neuron in olfaction |
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Definition
| olfactory nerve/ olfactory receptor |
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Term
| 2nd order neurons in olfaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| conversion of stimulus energy into graded potential is called.... |
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Definition
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Term
| In what structures does transduction occur in the process of olfaction? |
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Definition
| olfactory hairs of olfactory receptors |
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Term
| which cells provide electrical insulation for the olfactory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do 1st order neurons in olfaction get replaced? |
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Definition
| basal cells replace olfactory receptors |
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Term
| which structures produce mucus in olfaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bone (specifically) do olfactory nerves pass through? |
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Definition
| cribiform plate of ethmoid bone |
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Term
| which cranial nerve innervates olfactory glands and lacrimal glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are olfactory receptor proteins located? |
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Definition
| On plasma membranes of olfactory hairs |
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Term
| how many odors can be recognized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean that olfaction has a low threshold? |
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Definition
| Even only a few molecules in the air can be detected as odor |
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