Term
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Definition
| Channels that cause depolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| Channels that cause repolarization |
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Term
| Non-gated sodium channels cause depolarization of the pacemaker cell, triggering calcium channels to open. |
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Definition
| Events leading to prepotential |
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Term
Calcium channels are open
Potassium channels are closed |
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Definition
| Channels responsible for depolarization phase of cardiac muscle. |
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Term
Calcium channels are closed
Potassium channels are open |
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Definition
| Channels responsible for repolarization phase |
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Term
1. Depolarization
2. Early repolarization
3. Plateau
4. Final repolarization |
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Definition
| Four phases of a cardiac muscle action potential. |
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Term
| As potassium channels open repolarization begins, then calcium channels open slowing down repolarization. |
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Definition
| Mechanism of the PLateau phase |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
Pressure in ventricle is high
Atrial pressure is low |
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Definition
| Pressures during isovolumic contraction |
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Term
Atrial pressure is low
Pressure in ventricle is high |
|
Definition
| Pressures during period of ejection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Valves open during Isovolumic contraction |
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Term
Semilunar valve open
AV valve closed |
|
Definition
| Valves open/closed during period of ejection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Valves open during isovolumic relaxation |
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|
Term
Ventricular pressure is low
Atrial pressure is low
Aortic pressure is high |
|
Definition
| Pressures during isovolumic relaxation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mean arterial pressure equation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood remaining after relaxation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood remaining after contraction. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The difference between cardiac output at rest and maximum cardiac output |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pressure caused by blood in ventricle resulting in cardiac muscles to stretch. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The amount of aortic pressure contraction must overcome to move blood from the ventricle into the aorta. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Point where parasympathetic nerves make contact with the heart. |
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Term
| Inhibiting the heart rate (decrease) |
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Definition
| Major effect of parasympathetic vagus nerves on the heart. |
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|
Term
SA Node
AV node
Atrium
Ventricle |
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Definition
| Where sympathetic nerves make contact with the heart. |
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Term
| Excitatory effect on heart, increasing heart rate and force of contraction |
|
Definition
| Major effects of sympathetic nerves on the heart |
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|
Term
Potassium channels open hyperpolarizing the plasma membrane.
Heart rate decreases |
|
Definition
| Effect of acetylcholine on cardiac cells in SA node |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nerves that release acetylcholine...parasympathetic or sympathetic? |
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|
Term
Physical activity
Emotional excitement
Stress |
|
Definition
| Three conditions that cause the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
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|
Term
Opens calcium channels, causing depolarization
Increasing heart rate |
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Definition
| Effect norepinephrine has on cardiac cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nerves that release norepinephrine....sympathetic or parasympathetic? |
|
|
Term
Increase Parasympathetic stimulation
Decrease Sympathetic stimulation |
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Definition
| Effect increased blood pressure has on nervous system stimulation. |
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|
Term
Decreased parasympathetic stimulation
Increased sympathetic stimulation |
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Definition
| Effect decreased blood pressure has on nervous system stimulation. |
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