Term
| Insulin and thyroxine arrive at an organ at the same time. Thyroxine causes an effect on the organ but insulin does not. Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a category of water-soluble hormones?(a)peptides, (b) amines, (c) eicosanoids, (d) steroids, (e) protiens |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Hormones generally utilize negative feedback mechanisms to regulate their secretion. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
The pituitary gland is located in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. |
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Definition
False:
The pituitary gland lies in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. |
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Term
True or False:
The pituitary gland is linked to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
The pituitary gland has a posterior love that contains axon terminals from hypothalamic neurosecretory cells |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
The pituitary gland produces releasing and inhibiting hormones. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
The pituitary gland has a vascular connection with the hypothalamus known as the hypophyseal portal system. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the class of adrenal gland hormones that provide resistance to stress, produce anti-inflammatory effects, and promote normal metabolism to ensure adequate quantities of ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the basic difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands? |
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Definition
| Secretions of endocrine glands diffuse into interstitial fluid and then into the blood; exocrine secretions flow into ducts that lead into body cavities or to the body surface. |
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Term
| Explain the regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion. |
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Definition
| (1) Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) stimulates alpha cells to secrete. (2) Glucagon acts on hepatocytes to convert glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) and to gorm glucose from lactic acid and certain amino acids (gluconeogenesis) (3) Glucose released by hepatocytes raises blood glucose level to normal. (4) If blood glucose continues to rise, hyperglycemia inhibits release of glucagon. (5)High blood glucose (hyperglycemia) stimulates beta cells to secrete. (6) Insulin acts on various body cells to accelerate facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells, speed up glycogenesis, increase uptake of amino acids and increase protein synthesis, speed synthesis of fatty acids (lypogenesis, slow glycogenolysis, and slow gluconeogenesis. (7) Blood glucose level falls. (8) If blood glucose continues to fall, hypoglycemia inhibits release of insulin. |
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Term
| A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Kidneys produce 85% of erythropoietin |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the kidney's role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway |
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Definition
| Lowered blood pressure stimulates certain cells of the kidneys, called juxtaglomerular cells, to secrete the enzyme renin. The level of renin in the blood increases. Renin converts angiotensinogen, a plasma protein produced by the liver, into angiotensin I. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of hGH after closure of epiphyseal plates |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of hGH before closure of epiphyseal plates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone |
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Term
| congenital hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone that is present at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of insulin or down-regulation of insulin receptors. |
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Term
| Identify the endocrine glands and the other hormone producing tissues/organs |
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Definition
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries/Testes |
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Term
| basic classification of hormones |
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Definition
Polypeptides - anterior pituitary hormones(GH, TSH, Corticotropin, FSH, LH, prolactin) Posterior pituitary hormones (ADH, oxytocin) Parathyroid hormone, Pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon)
Steroids - adrenocortical hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex (aldosterone, cortisol) sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone)
Amines - T3, T4, epe, norepi, dopamine |
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Term
| How are water soluble vs. water insoluble hormones transported? |
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Definition
| Water soluble are transported through the blood. Waterinsoluble hormones have a harder time being transported through blood, therefore they must bind to a carrier protien to make them more soluble and easier transported. |
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