Term
|
Definition
| second major controlling system of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical substance liberated into the blood, which alters "target cells" metabolism in a specific manner; arouse the body's tissues and cells by stimulating changes in their metabolic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, parathyroids |
|
|
Term
| Mixed (endocrine & exocrine) Glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tropic Hormones (definition) |
|
Definition
| stimulates its target organ, which is also an endocrine gland, to secrete its hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
|
|
Term
| Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
|
Definition
| regulate gamete production and homronal activity of the gonads |
|
|
Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
|
Definition
| regulates endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
|
Definition
| influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however, its major effects are exerted on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results of hyposecretion of GH |
|
|
Term
| Acromegaly in adults or Gigantism in children |
|
Definition
| results of hypersecretion of GH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates breast development and promotes and maintains lactation by the mammary glands after childbirth; may stimulate testosterone production in males. |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Pituitary Hormones |
|
Definition
| FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Pituitary Hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and coitus and also causes milk ejection in the lactating mother. |
|
|
Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
|
Definition
| causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate, thereby reducing urine output and conserving body water; also plays a minor role in increasing blood pressure because of its vasoconstrictor effect on the arterioles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| result of hyposecretion of ADH and causes dehydration from excessive urine output & insatiable thirst. |
|
|
Term
| Edema, headache & disorientation |
|
Definition
| results from hypersecretion of ADH. |
|
|
Term
| Hormones of the Thryroid Gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of two lobes joined by a central mass, or isthmus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T4 (thyroxine) & T3 (tridiothyronine)primary function is to control the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation; affects virtually every cell in the body
T4 is really the main hormone here. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| result of hyposecretion of thyroxine (T4) which leads to mental and physical sluggishness |
|
|
Term
| elevated metabolic rate, nervousness, weight loss, sweating and irregular heartbeat |
|
Definition
| result of hypersecretion of thyroxine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium salt deposits in the bones; acts antagonistically to parathyroid hormone. |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
|
Definition
| the most important regulator of calcium balance in the blood; when blood CA+ levels decrease below a certain level, this is released, which causes the release of calcium from bone matrix and prods the kidney to reabsorb more calcium and less phosphate from the filtrate; also stimulates the kidneys to activate vitamin D. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| result of hyposecretion of PTH; increases neural excitability and prolonged muscle spasms that can result in respiratory paralysis and death. |
|
|
Term
| loss of calcium from bones, causing defomation, softening and spontaneous fractures |
|
Definition
| results of hypersecretion of PTH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| Norepinephrine & epinephrine |
|
Definition
| act in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system to elicit the fight or flight response to stressors |
|
|
Term
| 3 hormones produced by the adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), gloucocorticoids (cortisone, hydrocortisone & cortocosterone), gonadocroticoids (androgens & estrogens) |
|
|
Term
| Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone |
|
Definition
| regulate water and electrolyte balance in the extracellular fluids, mainly by regulating sodium ion reabsorption by kidney tubules |
|
|
Term
| Glucocorticoids (cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone) |
|
Definition
| enable the body to resist long-term stressors, primarily by increasing blood glucose levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypersecretion of gonadocorticoids produces abnormal hairiness and masculization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced in pancreas and is stimulated by elevated blood glucose levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyposecretion of insulin or some deficiency in the insulin receptors leads to this and is characterized by the inability of body cells to utilize glucose and the subsequent loss of glucose in the urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypersecretion of insulin causes low blood sugar- symptoms include anxiety, nervousness, tremors and weakness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts antagonistically to insulin; its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels and its action is basically hyperglycemic; it stimulates the liver, its primary target organ, to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release the glucose to the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resoponsible for the development of the secondary sex characteristics of the female at puberty (primarily maturation of the reproductive organs and development of the breasts) and act with progesterone to brin about cyclic changes of the uterine lining that occur during the menstrual cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle; during pregnancy it maintains the uterine musculature in a quiescent state and helps to prepare the breast tissue for lactation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promotes the maturation of the reproductive system accessory structures, brings about the development of the male secondary sex characteristics, and is responsible for the sexual drive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bilobed gland sin the superior thorax, begins to atrophy at puberty and by old age is relatively inconspicuous; produces thymosin and thymopoietin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help direct the maturation and specialization of a unique population of white blood cells called T lymphocytes, or T cells. T cells are responsible for the cellular immunity aspect of body defense; that is, rejection of foreign grafts, tumors or virus-infected cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced in the pineal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spherical sacs, found in the thyroid gland, containing a pink-stained material (colloid). Stored T3 & T4 are attached to the protein colloidal material stored in the folligles as THYROIDGLOBULIN and are released gradually to the blood.
These are surrounded by purple staining follicle cells that synthesize the follicular products. The PARAFOLLICULAR, or C, Cells you see btween the follicles are responsible for calcitonin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesize parathyroid hormone (PTH); small and abundant & arranged in thick branching cords. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in parathyroid gland; function unknown. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans); stain red; produce glucagon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans); stain gray-blue; synthesize insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in anterior pituitary gland; stain reddish brown; produce growth hormone & prolactin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in anterior pituitary gland; stain deep blue; produce tropic hormones (TSH, ACTH, FSH & LH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in anterior pituitary gland; do not stain and appear rather dull & colorless; role is controversial, but they apparently are not directly involved in hormone production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the posterior pituitary; glial cells which are randomly distributed among the nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost layer of the adrenal gland, where most mineralocorticoid production occurs and where tightly packed cells are arranged in spherical clusters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deeper intermediate layer of the adrenal gland, which produces glucocorticoids. This is the thickest part of the cortex and its cells are arranged in parallel cords. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innermost cortical layer of the adrenal gland, abutting the medulla, which produces sex hormones and some glucocorticoids; cells stain intensely and forma a branching network. |
|
|
Term
| 2 major molecular groups which hormones belong to |
|
Definition
| amino acid- based molecules and the steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organ which responds to a particular hormone in a specific way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in the throat; bilobed gland connected by an isthmus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found close to the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mixed gland , located close to the stomach and small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paired glands suspended in the scrotum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ride "horseback" on the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the pelvic cavity of the female; concerned with ova and female hormone production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the upper thorax overlying the heart; large during youth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the roof of the third ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programming of T lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
calcitonin from parathyroid gland
and
PTH from thrydoid gland |
|
Definition
| regulate blood calcium levels |
|
|
Term
epinephrine from adrenal medulla
and
cortisone from adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| released in response to stressors |
|
|
Term
estrogens from ovaries
and
testosterone from testes |
|
Definition
| drive development of secondary sexual characteristics |
|
|
Term
| ACTH, FSH, TSH and LH from anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
| regulate the function of another endocrine gland |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine from adrenal medulla |
|
Definition
| mimics the sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| glucagon & insulin from the pancreas |
|
Definition
| regulate blood glucose levels; produced by the same "mixed" gland |
|
|
Term
| estrogens & progesterone from ovaries |
|
Definition
| directly responsible for regulation of the menstrual cycle |
|
|
Term
ADH from hypothalamus
aldosterone from adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| maintenance of salt and water balance in the extracellular fluid |
|
|
Term
oxytocin from posterior pituitary
prolactin from anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
| directly involved in milk production and ejection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by the nervous system (neurotransmitters or neurosecretions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by humoral factors (concentration of specific non hormonal substances in the blood or extracellular fluid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by another hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by humoral factors (concentration of specific non hormonal substances in the blood or extracellular fluid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by the nervous system (neurotransmitters or neurosecretions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by humoral factors (concentration of specific non hormonal substances in the blood or extracellular fluid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by another hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by another hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by another hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by the nervous system (neurotransmitters or neurosecretions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inadequate amounts of PTH |
|
|
Term
| excessive diuresis w/o high blood gluclose levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of glucose in the urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormally small stature, normal proportions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| low BMR, mental and physical sluggishness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large hands and feet in the adult, large facial bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nervousness, irregular pulse rate, sweating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| demineralization of bones, spontaneous fractures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the acidophil cells of the anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by alpha cells of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the zona fasciculata cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the zona glomerulosa cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the chief cells of the parathyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by the basophil cells of the anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides a site for immature sperm to complete their maturation process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels & ductus deferens enclosed in a connective tissue sheath |
|
|
Term
| sperm production & testerone production |
|
Definition
| 2 principal functions of the testis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| copulatory organ/penetrating device |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscular passageway conveying sperm to the ejaculatory duct; in the spermatic cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transports both sperm and urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| location of the testis in adult males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loose fold of skin encircling the glans penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of the urethra between the prostate and the penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| empties a secretion into the prostatic urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| empties a secretion into the membranous urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sperm & the alkaline secretions of the prostate, bulbourthral glands, and seminal vessicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seminiferous tubules-> rete testis-> epididymis-> ductus deferens |
|
|
Term
| female external genitalia |
|
Definition
| mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal & urethral openings, hymen, greater vestibular glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site of fetal development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "fertilized egg" typically formed here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becomes erect during sexual excitement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duct extending superolaterally from uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partially closes the vaginal canal; a membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces oocytes, estrogens and progesterones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fingerlike ends of the uterine tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ejection of an egg (oocyte) from the ovary |
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 layers of the uterine wall from the inside out |
|
Definition
| endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium |
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the uterine wall contracts during child birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of gamete formation, involving reduction of the chromosome number by half |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| egg and sperm chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the sperm and egg fuse to form a fertilized egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| containing 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (total of 46 chromosomes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized type of nuclear division to produce gametes with the haploid chromosomal number; occurs in the ovaries and testes during gametogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| half the number of normal chromosomes as seen in all other body cells (23 non paired chromosomes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces 4 haploid daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duplicated homologous chromosomes pair up so that they become closely aligned along their entire length (during meiosis I) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groupings of 4 chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when treats form and become attached to the spindle fibers, aligning themselves along the spindle equator. While in synapsis, the "arms" of adjacent homologous chromosomes coil around each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human sperm production; begins at puberty and continues without interruption throughout life; occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primitive stem cells found at the tubule periphery, divide extensively to build up the stem cell line. Before puberty, all divisions are mitotic divisions that produce more spermatogonia. At puberty, under the influence of FSH secreted by ant. pit. gland, each mitotic division of a spermatogonium produces one spermatogonium and one primary spermatocyte. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
undergoes meiosis, becoming spermatids
2n->n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| haploid cells that are the result of spermatogenesis and are not functional gametes. They are non motile cells and have too much excess baggage to function well in a reproductive capacity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| follows meiosis; strips away the extraneous cytoplasm from the spermatid, converting it to a motile, streamlined sperm. |
|
|
Term
| Sustenticular, or Sertoli, Cells |
|
Definition
| nourish the spermatids as they begin their transformation into sperm |
|
|
Term
| Interstitial Cells (Leydig cells) |
|
Definition
| these cells produce testosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| streamilined cell equipped with an organ of locomotion and a high rate of metabolism that enable it to move long distances very quickly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains enzymes involved in sperm penetration of the egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid filled space (central cavity) in the secondary follicle & vesicular follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surrounding the oocyte (more than one layer of cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one layer of cells surrounding the ovum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ova before birth, surrounded by squamouslike follicle cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost layer of the ovary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of a few layers of cuboidal follicle cells surrounding the larger central developing ovum |
|
|
Term
| Secondary (growing) follicles |
|
Definition
| follicles consisting of several layers of follicle (granulosa) cells surrounding the central developing ovum, and beginning to show evidence of fluid accumulation and antrum formation. This may take more than one cycle. |
|
|
Term
| Vescicular (Graafian) follicle |
|
Definition
| At this stage of development, the follicle has a large antrum containing fluid produced by the granulosa cells. The developing secondary oocyte is pushed to one side of the follicle and is surrounded by a capsule of several layers of granulosa cells called the corona radiata. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells surrounding the vesicular follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solid glandular structure or a structure containing a scalloped lumen that develops from the ruptured follicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormonally controlled by estrogens and progesterone secreted by the ovary' divided into 3 stages |
|
|
Term
| 3 stages of Menstrual Cycle |
|
Definition
| menstrual, proliferative, secretory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approximately days 1-5; sloughing off of the thick functional layer of the endometrial lining; accompanied by bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| approximately days 6-14; under the influence of estrogens produced by the growing follicle of the ovary; endometrium is repaired; glands & blood vessels proliferate; endometrium thickens; ovulation occurs at the end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approximately days 15-28; under the influence of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum; vascular supply to the endometrium increases further; glands increase in size & begin to secrete nutrient substances; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| product is 2 diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the mother cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| product is 4 haploid daughter cells quantitatively and qualitatively different from the mother cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involves the phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs throughout the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs only in the ovaries and testes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| provides cells for growth and repair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| homologues synapse; chiasmata are seen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chromosomes are replicated before the division process begins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| provides cells for replication of the species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consists of 2 consecutive nuclear divisions, without chromosomal replication occurring before the second division |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| haploid, product of meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides nutrients to developing sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| haploid, product of meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| haploid, product of spermiogenesis |
|
|
Term
| Spermatogenesis vs. Spermiogensis |
|
Definition
| Formation of haploid gametes by the male & sloughing off excessive cytoplasm to form a motile functional sperm |
|
|
Term
| How many primary oocytes are there once a girl is born? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major hormone produced by the vesicular follicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major hormones produced by the corpus luteum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forming part of the primary follicle in the ovary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the uterine tube before fertilization, in the mature vesicular follicle of the ovary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the uterine tube shortly after sperm penetration |
|
|
Term
| The final product of oogenesis? |
|
Definition
| one ovum and 3 polar bodies |
|
|
Term
| Produced by primary follicles in the ovary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ovulation occurs after its burstlike release |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exert negative feedback on the anterior pituitary relative to FSH secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exert negative feedback on the anterior pituitary relative to FSH secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone & estrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulates LH release by the anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maintains the hormonal production of the corpus luteum in a nonpregnant woman |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5-6 L in adult Males & 4-5 L in adult females |
|
Definition
| average volume of blood in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classified as a type of connective tissue because it consists of a nonliving fluid matrix in which living cells are suspended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonliving fluid matrix; over 90% water; 55% of whole blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living cells found in blood; 3 different types- eythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets; constitue 45% of whole blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red blood cells, anucleate disc, salmon colored; sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood; 4-6 million |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white blood cells, spherical, nucleated cells; part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system; 4,800-10,800 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| function in hemostasis (blood clot formation), discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules; stain deep purple; 150k-400k |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
water, salts (electrolytes), proteins
substances transported by blood:
nutrients, waste products of metabolism, respiratory gases, hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nucleus multilobed; inconspicuous cytoplasmic granules; 3,000-7,000
phagocytize bacteria; number increases exponentially during acute infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilobed nucleus; red cytoplasmic granules; 100-400; kills parasitic worms; destroys antigen-antibody complexes; inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lobed mucleus; large blue-purple cytoplasmic granules; 20-50; releases histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contains heparin, an anticoagulant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nuclues spherical or indented; pale blue cytoplasm; 1500-3000; mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U-shaped or Kidney-shaped nucleus; gray blue cytoplasm; 100-700; phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Granulocytes, Agranulocytes, Platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to move in and out of blood vessels (leukocytes are able to do this) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to wander through body tissues to reach sites of inflammation or tissue destruction (leukocytes use this) |
|
|
Term
| List leukocytes in order from the most abundant to the least abundant |
|
Definition
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas-
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally high WBC count, may indicate bacterial or viral infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage, or poisoning by drugs or chemicals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in WBC count (below 4,000/mm3) may indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or excessive antibiotic or X-ray Tx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBCs accompanied by a reduction in the number of RBCs and platelets, is detctable not only by a total WBC count but also a differential WBC count. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in number of RBCs, may result from bone marrow cancer or from living at high altitudes where less oxygen is available. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decrease in the number of RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100 WBCs are counted and classified according to type; routine in physical exam and in diagnosing illness, since any abnormality or significant elevation in percentages of WBC types may indicate a problem or the source of pathology. |
|
|
Term
| Conducting a Differential WBC Count |
|
Definition
| Percent = #observed/Total #counted (100) x 100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Packed Cell Volume (PCV); routinely determined when anemia is suspected
Normal Values-
47(+-7) males
42 (+-5) females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RBC protein responsible for oxygen transport
Heme=iron-containing portion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2-7 minutes (Ivy Method) or 0-5 minutes (Duke Method); how long bleeding lasts; tests ability of platelets to stop bleeding in capillaries & small vessels |
|
|
Term
| Blood Clotting or Coagulation time |
|
Definition
| a protective mechanism that minimizes blood loss when blood vessels are reuptured; normally 2-6 minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. The injured tissues and platelets release tissue factor (TF) and PF3 respectively, which trigger the clotting mechanism, or cascade.
2. TF & PF interact with other blood protein clotting factors and CA+ to form prothrombin activator, which in turn converts prothrombin to thrombin.
3. Thrombin acts enzymatically to polymerize the soluble fibrinogen proteins into insoluble fibrin, which forms a meshwork of strands that traps the RBCs and forms the basis of the clot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blood classification based on the presence of specific glycoproteins on the outer surface of the RBC plasma membrane.
the factors routinely typed for are antigens of the ABO and Rh blood groups which are most commonly involved in transfusion reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins in blood; also called agglutinogens; genetically determined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| react with RBCs bearing different antigens, causing them to be clumped and eventually hemolyzed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antigens present on RBC membranes- A
Antibodies present in plasma- Anti-B
40% white
27% black
28% Asian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antigens present on RBC membranes- B
Anitbodies present in plasma- Anti-A
11% white
20% black
27% Asian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antigens present on RBC membranes- A & B
Anitbodies present in plasma- none
4% white
4% black
5% Asian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antigens present on RBC membranes- neither
Anitbodies present in plasma- Anti-A and Anti-B
47% white
49% black
40% Asian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the disease process in which the body's blood vessels become increasingly occluded by plaques. Because the plaques narrow the arteries, they can contribute to hypertensive heart disease. They also serve as focal points for the formation of blood clots (thrombi), which may break away and block smaller vessels farther downstream in the circulatory pathway and cause heart attacks or strokes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 130-200 mg per 100 ml of plasma |
|
|
Term
| What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull brick red? |
|
Definition
| The amount of O2 it's carrying; more O2= brighter red |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called an erythrocyte; anucleate formed element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actively phagocytic leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ancestral cell of platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number rises during parasite infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| releases histamine; promotes inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many formed in lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases in number during prolonged infections |
|
|
Term
| 4 classes of nutrients found in plasma |
|
Definition
| sugar, amino acids, lipids and vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the consistency and color of plasma |
|
Definition
| viscous & sticky; straw colored |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average life span of RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal increase in the number of WBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal increase in the number of RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition of too few RBCs or of RBCs with hemoglobin deficiencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal decrease in the number of WBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone that stimulates RBC production |
|
|
Term
| Why might patients with kidney disease suffer from anemia? How are they treated? |
|
Definition
| When kidneys fail, they also do not produce enough erythropoietin for erythropoiesis. The can be given genetically engineered erythropoietin (EPO) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that inhibits blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's natural anticoagulant |
|
|
Term
| Macrocytic hypochromic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microcytic hypochromic anemia |
|
Definition
| iron-deficient diet or a bleeding ulcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic defect that causes hemoglobin to become sharp/spiky |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytic leukemia (chronic) |
|
Definition
| a type of bone marrow cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tapeworm infestation in the body |
|
|
