Term
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Definition
| Abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| Anterior pituitary hormone that influences the activity of the adrenal cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion by the kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone such as testosterone that controls male secondary sex characteristics. |
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis) |
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Definition
| The glandular part of the pituitary gland. |
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Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH or vasopressin) |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary; stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone released by the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high (therapeutic) levels. |
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Term
| Cortisol (hydrocortisone) |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting in infants. It is characterized by mental retardation, impaired growth, low body temperature and abnormal bone formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metabolic disorder caused by overproduction of glucocorticoid by the adrenal cortex and often involving obesity and high blood pressure. It can be caused by a tumor (then is called a disease) or most often, by the clinical administration of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoid drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease caused by deficient insulin release or by insulin resistance, leading to inability of the body cells to use carbohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chief hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. Also called adrenaline. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that stimulates female secondary sex characteristics; female sex hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone formed by alpa cells of pancreatic islets; raises the glucose level of blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet. One sees thyroid enlargement, listlessness, and weight gain. Thyroxine production slows because iodine is not available. In an attempt to increase thyroxine, the thyroid enlarges. |
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Term
| Gonadotropin Hormone (FSH & LH) |
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Definition
| Regulate the function of the gonads (ovaries & testes) & produced by the anterior pituitary. In both sexes, FSH stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production and LH promotes production of gonadal hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that stimulates growth in general and metabolic actions; produced by cells called somatotrophs in anterior pituitary; also called somatotropin (STH); major targets are bones and skeletal muscles; promotes protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Steroidal or amino-acid based molecules released to the blood that act as chemical messengers to regulate specific body functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that enhances the carrier-mediated diffusion of glucose into tissue cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by the pineal gland; secretion peaks at night and helps set sleep-wake cycles; also a powerful antioxidant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition resulting from underactive thyroid gland. Symptoms include a low metabolic rate; felling chilled; constipation; thick, dry skin and puffy eyes; edema; lethargy; and mental sluggishness (but not mental retardation). |
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Term
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Definition
| A catecholamine neurotransmitter and adrenal medullary hormone, associated with sympathetic nervous system activation. |
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Term
| Pancreatic islets of Langerhans |
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Definition
| Tiny cell clusters that produce pancreatic hormones. These contain 2 major populations of hormone-producing cells, the glucagon-synthesizing alpha cells and the more numerous insulin-producing beta cells. |
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Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
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Definition
Protein hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates blood calcium level. Release is triggered by falling blood Ca 2+ levels and inhibited by rising blood Ca 2+ levels. 3 target organs: the skeleton, the kidneys & the intestine.
Stimulates osteoclasts, enhances reabsorption of Ca 2+ by kidneys & promotes activation of vitamin D, thereby increasing absorption of Ca 2+ from food. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone-secreting part of the diencephalon of the brain through to be involved in setting the biological clock and influencing reproductive function. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of 3 signs of DM. Excessive thirst stimulated by the hypothalamic thirst centers. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of 3 signs of DM. Refers to excessive hunger and food consumption, a sign that the person is "starving in the land of plenty." Although plenty of glucose is available, it cannot be used and the body starts to utilize its fat and protein stores for energy metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of 3 signs of DM. Excessive glucose in the kidney filtrate acts as an osmotic diuretic, resulting in a huge urin output that leads to decreased blood volume and dehydration. Serious electrolyte losses also occur as the body rids itself of excess ketone bodies, which are negatively charged and carry positive ions out with them. As a result, Na+ and K+ are also lost from the body. |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis) |
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Definition
| Portion of the gland derived from the brain; includes the infundibulum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone partly responsible for preparing the uterus for the fertilized ovum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the breasts to produce milk. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lipid-based chemical messenger synthesized by most tissue cells that acts locally as a paracrine. |
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Term
| Renin-Angiotensin Pathway |
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Definition
| 1st of 4 mechanisms regulating aldosterone secretion; influences both blood volume and blood pressure by regulating the release of aldosterone and therefore Na+ and water reabsorption by the kidneys. Specialized cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys become excited when blood pressure (or blood volume) declines.; ultimately involved in raising blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Male sex hormone produced by the testes; during puberty promotes virilization, and is necessary for normal sperm production. |
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Term
| Thymosin, Thymulin, Thymoproteins |
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Definition
| families for peptide hormones secreted by Thymic epithelial cells. These hormones are though to be involved in the normal development of T lymphocytes and the immune response, but their roles are not well understood. The mainly act locally as paracrines. |
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
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Definition
| Adenohypophyseal hormone that regulates secretion of thyroid hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Iodine-containing hormone secreted by thyroid follicles; stimulates enzymes concerned with glucose oxidation. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Secreted by) Adenohypophysis |
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Term
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Definition
| (Secreted by) Adrenal Gland |
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Term
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Definition
| (Secreted by) Thyroid Gland |
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Term
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Definition
| (Secreted by) Neurohypophysis |
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Term
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Definition
| (Secreted by) Pineal Gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones, most importantly glucocorticoids that help the body to resist stressors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the thyroid gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mobilizes fats, spares glucose, and promotes the protein synthesis necessary for growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb water from urine; prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload. |
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