Term
| What two countries were the first to claim territories in the New World? |
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Definition
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Term
| What treaty did Portugal and Spain sign to move the line seperating the new world a few degrees west? |
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Definition
| The Treaty of Tordesillas |
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Term
| Who was the first to circumnavigate the World? |
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Definition
| Ferdinand Magellan (Well his ships anyway, didn't he die before he got there?) |
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Term
| Describe the Encomienda system. |
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Definition
| The Spanish King would give grants of land and Indians on that land to individual Spaniards. The Spaniard would care for the Indians in exchange for the Natives labor. |
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Term
| Describe the asiento system. |
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Definition
| The Spanish brought slaves to America from West Africa. |
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Term
| What colony did Sir. Walter Raleigh attempt to set up? |
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Definition
| A settlement at Roanoke Island in North Carolina (1587). |
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Term
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Definition
| An Italian sea captain who explored the Newfoundland coast under contract to King Henry the 12th. (His voyages were the earliest claims of England's to territories in the New World). |
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Term
| How did the English gain their reputation in 1588 as a major naval power? |
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Definition
| They defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588! |
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Term
| Describe Joint-stock companies. |
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Definition
| These companies pooled the savings of people (usually people that were in the "middle class"), and used this money to support trading ventures that seemed profitable. This allowed for businesses to spread not only the wealth, but the risk of their voyages. |
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Term
| What company established the first permanent English colony in America? And what was this colony. |
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Definition
The Virginia Company.
Jamestown in 1607. |
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Term
| What were some problems Jamestown first faced? |
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Definition
Indian attacks, famine, disease.
Jamestown had been built in a swampy area where malaria and other diseases killed many.
Plus there were too many pansy men who weren't used to doing any physical work. |
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Term
| What helped Jamestown to become a successful colony? |
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Definition
-The super spiffy leadership of Captain John Smith.
-John Rolfe and his wife Pocahontas developed a form of tobacco that became very popular in England (Can you say cash crop?) |
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Term
| Who did Jamestown use for labor? |
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Definition
| At first indentured servants (this included Africans), but soon Africans were reduced to slavery. |
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Term
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Definition
| A colony under the control of a king or queen. Jamestown became a royal colony when it fell into debt, and its charter was revoked. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those that wasnted to "purify" or rid the church of Catholic influences. They wanted to change the ceremonies and structure of the Church of England. |
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Term
| Who were the Separatists? |
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Definition
| A group of puritans that didn't want to change the church, instead they wanted to organize a completely separate church. When these separatisits left England in search of religous freedom they were called pilgrims.(They first went to Holland but that didn't work out so well, so they went to America. Oh yeah) |
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Term
| What colony did the Seperatists (a.k.a pilgrims) set up? |
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Definition
| Plymouth. The pilgrims had been planning to go to Jamestown but their little voyage didn't turn out as planned. |
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Term
| What were the early hardships at Plymouth? |
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Definition
| The Pilgrims had to suffer through a harsh winter where about half of them died, but the Native Americans stepped in and helped the Pilgrims adapt to the land. (Oh and don't forget about how Thanksgiving was celebrated at Plymouth!) |
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Term
| What was the Great Migration of 1630? |
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Definition
| A civil war broke out in England that drove 15,000 settlers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
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Term
| What did the Mayflower Compact establish? |
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Definition
| The document pledged the group to make decesions by majority rule. (Colonial self-government right there) |
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Term
| How was the government in Jamestown ruled? |
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Definition
Settlers were guranteed the same rights they had in England, including the right to be represented in the lawmaking process.
Jamestown organized the first represenative assembly in America. The House of Burgesses. |
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Term
| How was the government run in Massachusetts? |
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Definition
| All free men (male members of the Puritan church) had the right to participate in yearly elections of the governor (ello governor), his assistants, and a representative assembly. |
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Term
| What were some of the Spanish settlements in the New World? |
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Definition
| Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California. |
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Term
Describe the way that the following nations treated the Native Americans
(A) Spanish
(B) English
(C) French |
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Definition
(A) They conguered and ruled, not so nice. (ex. Aztecs, Mayas, Incas)
(B) Took over the land and then forced the Natives to move westward, and farther away.
(C) The French treated natives as allies (fur trading partners) They also wanted to convert the Indians to Catholicism. |
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Term
Easy question:
In general, how did the nations view the Native American people? |
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Definition
| As inferiors that they could exploit for economic, political, or religious gain. |
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Term
| What are some examples that demonstrate the wide range of complex Indian cultures? (examples of Indian culture?) |
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Definition
- The AH-mazing organization of Inca society
-The Ginormous Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (as big as the cities in Europe)
-The fantastic agricultural system that the Mayans used
-AND The Mayan Calendar |
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Term
| Why was there such a delay of English settlements/territories in America? |
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Definition
| There were many religious upheavals in England! |
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Term
| What could be said about Columbus' accomplishments? (No need to be rude) |
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Definition
| He started a permanent relationshop between Europe and the Americas. |
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Term
How did each colony recieve its identity and its authority (from the king) to operate?
(It may be easier then you think) |
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Definition
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Term
| Early Maryland was mostly made up of who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was the Act of Toleration passed in Maryland? (And what was it?) |
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Definition
| Lord Baltimore had created Maryland as a safe haven for Catholics to escape to (from England), but they were soon outnumbered by Protestant farmers. Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore's son) was able to convince the representative assembly to pass this law to grant religous freedom to all Christians. |
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Term
| What happened during the Protestant revolt in early Maryland? |
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Definition
| There was a "war" in Maryland between the Catholics and the Protestants, that ended with the Act of Toleration being repealed and Catholics lost their right to vote. (In MD) |
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Term
| Describe Bacon's Rebellion. |
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Definition
Sir. William Berkeley (in Virginia) had been favoring the large planters, and not caring about the smaller farmers. Nathaniel Bacon (new from England) led volunteers in attacks against Indian village. Bacon was successful (he was even able to defeat Berkeley's forces), but unfor. died. (His force fell apart after that)
Revealed the major class differences between the wealthy and the poor, and showed the colonial resistance to royal control. |
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Term
| What was the headright system? |
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Definition
| Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for his own passage to America, and any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. Other ministers disagreed with this, and they banished him from Boston. Williams then established the colony of Providence. (This colony paid Native Americans for the use of land, and provided complete religous toleration). Later this colony was joined with Portsmouth to create the state of Rhode Island. |
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Term
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Definition
| She was a woman that believed in antinomianism (the idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation). She was banished from the Bay Colony, and so she established the colony of Portsmouth. (She was killed in an Indian uprising) |
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Term
| What did the Halfway Covenant allow? |
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Definition
| The Puritain Church attempted to remain strong by allowing people to take part in church services and activities without making a formal declaration of their belief in Christ. |
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Term
| What Indian Empire dominated Mexico at the time of the Spanish Conquest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first country to fund exploratory voyages beyond Europe? And what country quickly replaced this one as the biggest sea voyager? |
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Definition
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Term
| What country produced the most successful fur traders and trappers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first permanent English settlement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who fought against each other in King Phillip's War? |
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Definition
| Native American tribes, united under King Phillip a.k.a Metacom, and New England settlers. (By the way the colonists won after killing King Phillip) |
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Term
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Definition
| A quaker that was given the land of Pennsylvania. He established the city of Philadelphia, which he set up with grid patterned streets and he attempted to treat the Native Americans fairly. |
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Term
| Why was Georgia established as a state? |
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Definition
| It would be a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida. Also Georgia would be used as a place to send debtors so they could start new lives. |
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Term
| Describe the Navigation Acts from 1650-1673. |
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Definition
1.) Trade in and out of the colonies had to be carried on either English or Colonial Ships.
2.) Goods imported into the colonies had to go through English ports.
3.) Some goods could only be exported to England (tobacco).
These laws allowed New England shipbuilding to prosper, tobacco to become even bigger, and the English military would protect the colonies.
But colonial manufacturing was limited, farmers were not too happy with the low prices, and colonists had to pay high prices for goods from England. |
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Term
| Explain Triangular tade (In the 17th century). |
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Definition
| Rum would start in New England and go to Africa, Africans would be sent along the middle passage to the West Indies, Sugar Cane would then make its way back to New England. (Sugar cane was used for making rum) |
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