Term
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Definition
| nerve cells within spinal cord and brain. electrical signals on neurons. effects all types of muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| change secretion in blood. hormones in blood stream. smooth & cardiac muscle and exocrine glands. NOT SKELETAL |
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Term
| Neuroendocrine Control System |
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Definition
| hypothalamus. action potentials or hormones in blood. all muscle and exocrine glands except skeletal muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| where integration (action potential) occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| release of neurotransmitter at the end |
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Term
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Definition
| within axon, tied in knots in Alzheimer's |
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Term
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Definition
| servant for neurons in CNS. around blood vessel to neuron for O and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| blood brain barrier. tight junctions. CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| creates myelin sheath. = neurolemmoytes. CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| destroy harmful substances and get rid of dead tissue. phagocytes. CNS. |
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Term
| Neurolemmocyte (Schwann Cells) |
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Definition
| create myelin sheath. PNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| = astrocyte. Servant. PNS. |
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Term
| Regeneration in nervous system |
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Definition
| glia can regenerate. Myelin sheath must be intact to repair axons. |
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Term
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Definition
| change in membrane potential |
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Term
| Resting membrane potential |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| open or close pores to release 2nd messenger |
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Term
| Characteristics of Action Potentials |
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Definition
| all or none, larger stimuli means higher frequency not height, refractory period |
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Term
| Relative Refractory Period |
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Definition
| during resting phase, further away from threshold in hyperpolarization after repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| speeds up rate of conduction. Na+ diffuses and rushes in for another AP |
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Term
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Definition
| exocytosis, diffusion, attach to next cell, bring up to threshold |
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Term
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Definition
| degrading or reuptake of neurotransmitter to presynatpic cell |
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Term
| Temporal vs. Spatial Summation of EPSPs and IPSPs |
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Definition
| temporal is at the SAME place, spatial is at DIFFERENT places |
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Term
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Definition
| input can go to a number of neurons by splitting simultaneously (wiring) |
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Term
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Definition
| one neuron can receive input from number of neurons at same time |
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Term
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Definition
| cells bodies in CNS and PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of axons in CNS and PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Cocc |
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Term
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Definition
| tightly bound to lose axons in thoracic region |
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Term
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Definition
| fibers separate, attached to sacrum by filum terminale |
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Term
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Definition
| anchors neural tissue in spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| outer layer of spine. tough w lots of collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd layer, web like with absorption |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spaces in between, on top of dura |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| efferent motor/secretory output |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| crossing over. contralateral. Ipsilateral means they do not crossover |
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Term
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Definition
| conscious awareness of stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| unconscious proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
| run through pyramids of medulla for voluntary movement |
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Term
| extrapyramidal motor tracts |
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Definition
| outside pyramids of medulla for unconscious coordination of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| division lined by dura, separates two hemispheres superficially |
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Term
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Definition
| separates cerebrum from cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| opening where upper portion of brain pushes down on lower, connects brain with diencephalon |
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Term
| Interventricular foramen of Monro |
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Definition
| communication between lateral ventricles |
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Term
| Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| 120 ml, makes 300 ml daily. sends it to plasma to recirculate. synthesized in choroid plexus of ventricles. returns to blood with arachnoid villi |
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Term
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Definition
| cauda equina in subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory center, gagging, vomiting, coughing, swallowing, decussation of pyramidal tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| higher respiratory center, RAS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incisure of tentorium, aqueduct of sylvius, locus cerulus (what you pay attention to) |
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Term
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Definition
| unconscious ascending preprioception tract, coordinate movement, auditory, balance |
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Term
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Definition
| center of brain, thalamus & hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds 3rd ventricle, relay station for sensory info |
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Term
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Definition
| head nucleus of ANS to viscera. Motivation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Association fibers in white matter |
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Definition
| linkages within same hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| one hemisphere to the other, corpus callosum |
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Term
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Definition
| reasoning, analyzing, language |
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Term
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Definition
| holistic, musical, spatial, nonverbal concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| divides sensory from motor area (frontal to parietal) |
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Term
| Lateral Cerebral Sulcus (fissure of Sylvius) |
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Definition
| frontal, temporal and parietal |
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Term
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Definition
| separates occipital from parietal |
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Term
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Definition
| higher more sophisticated area, motivation, consequences, morals, moderate emotions, priorities. Broca speech area |
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Term
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Definition
| primary sensory cortex (post central gyrus) touch pain temp taste. Sensory Association Areas: evaluation and interpretation. creating memories. Wernicke's language area to understand speech |
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Term
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Definition
| don't cross over. Equilibrium for sound waves and position. Short (hypocampus) and long term memory. Emotions (smell is strongest) |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual perception, comprehension of written word (Wernicke's). Language (tactile, visual, hearing) |
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Term
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Definition
| olfactory cortex in uncus for defenses, amygdala (fear, anger, rage) hippocamus (short term memory, time) Cingulate nuclei (sense of identity) |
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Term
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Definition
| control autonomic responses with hypothalamus. Respond quickly to stress. |
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Term
| Somatic Nervous System efferent input |
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Definition
| gamma motor neurons: extrapyramidal tracts. alpha motor neurons pyramidal tracts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Afferent- Dorsal Root Ganglion. Efferent- Ventral Roots. |
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Term
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Definition
| come to front, form plexus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gamma motor neurons to intrafusil fibers of muscle spindle -> stretch -> receptors sense stretch -> send afferent info to spinal cord -> integration in spine between receptors and alpha motor neurons -> alpha respond causing extrafusil to contract -> muscle tone -> inhibit gamma motor reflex to smooth motion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| CNS -> SNS neurotransmitters |
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Definition
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Term
| CNS -> ANS: Para Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| ACH & nicotinic -> ACH & Muscarinic |
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Term
| CNS -> ANS: Sym Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| ACH & Nicotinic -> NE & Alpha |
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Term
| CNS -> ANS: Symp- Medulla |
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Definition
| ACH & Adrenal -> Epi, NE, dopamine -> Alpha, beta, dopamine |
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