Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

(Pneumonic for me:  Easy as CMN (Childrens Miracle Network)

Endoderm - lines GI Tract

Mesoderm-Muscle and Bone

Ectoderm-Nervous tissue and Skin

Structural Protiens:

Collagen and Elastin

Glycoprotein

and

Proteoglycans

• Binds tissues together structurally
• Allows local communication

• Protection
• Sensory Functions
• Secretion
• Absorption
• Excretion

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Describe and give location of:

Simple Squamous Epithelium

one cell layer of flat cells, scale like

Endothelium (lines Blood Vessels)

Mesothelium (lines Pleura)

• Avascular
• Really dense, not much cells
• Not much Extracellular Matrix
• Cells are close - tight junctions
• Can Reproduce

Describe and Locate:

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

one, cell layer of cube-shaped cells

rest on Basement Membrane

Found in many glands and ducts

Describe and locate:

Simple Columnar Epithelium

single layer of tall, column shaped cells

Mucous Membranes - lines hollow Visceral Structures (stomach, Intestines, Uterus, Uterine Tubes, and part of Respiratory tract)

Describe and Locate:

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Columnar cells of differing height

All cells rest on Basement Membrane but not all reach free surface

Found lining Air passageways and Segments of Male Repro System

Describe and Locate:

Keratinized Stratified Epithelium

Multiple layers of flat squamous cells- ceells fille with keratin

Covering outer skin of body

Describe and Locate:

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Multiple layers of flat squamous cells - Free surface is MOIST

Lines Vagina, Mouth and Esophagus

Describe and Locate:

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Two or more rows of cuboidal cells

Basement Membrane is indistinct

Located in Sweat gland ducts and pharynx

Describe and Locate:

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Multiple layers of Columnar cells

Only most superficial cells - typical shape

RARE

Located in segments of Male Urethra and Near Anus

Describe and Locate:

Transitional Epithelium

Often 10 or more layers of cuboidal shaped cells varying in sizes - changes shape with rising tension to squamous

Located in lining of hollow viscera subjected to stress (Urinary Bladder Wall)

Endocrine

Exocrine

Tubular

Alveolar

Alveolar

Simple and Multiple

Compound Tubular Multiple

Compound Alveolar Multiple

Apocrine

Merocrine

Holocrine

Describe and Locate:

Apocrine Glands

Secretory products collect near Apex of cell and are secreted by pinching off the distended end

Cell wall damage and loss of cytoplasm

Located in Mammary Glands and Sweat Glands

Describe and Locate:

Merocrine Glands

Exocrine; secrete directly through cell membrane - NO CELL DAMAGE, no cytoplasm loss

Most Numerous gland type

Found in Salivary Glands

Describe and Locate:

Holocrine Glands

Secretion of products causes cell rupture and death

Located in Sebaceous Glands

Connects

Supports

Transports

Protects

• Sparse Cells
• much ECM - cartilage almost all ECM
• fluid, gel or solid matrix

Fibrous

Bones

Cartilage

Blood

(Pneumonic: Fat Boys Can Blubber)

What are the types of Fibrous Connective Tissue?

Loose (areolar)

Adipose

Reticular

Dense

(Pneumonic: LARD)

Describe and Function:

Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue

• One of the most WIDELY distributed
• Consists of collagenous and elastic fibers loosely interwoven and embedded in soft viscous ground substances
•  Fibroblasts & Macrophages notable, mast cells, plasma cells, fat cells and some WBC
• Strechy, flexible connection

Describe and Give Function:

Adipose Fibrous Connective Tissue

• Similar to Loose but contains mostly fat cells
• Protection, insulation, support and food reserve

Describe and Give Function:

Reticular Tissue

• Consists of network of branching reticular fibers w/ reticular cells overlying them
• Framework of spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
• Meshwork filters out injurious particles and reticular cells phagocytose

Describe:

Dense Fibrous Tissue

Matrix consists mainly of densely packed fibers and relatively few fibroblast cells

Irregular and Regular

Describe:

Irregular Dense Fibrous Tissue

Describe:

Dense Regular Fibrous Tissue

bundles of fibers are arranged in regular parallel  lines

Types: Collagenous and Elastic

• Support
• Function
• point of attachment of muscles
• Reservoir of minerals
• Supports blood-forming tissue

In membranes (flat bones of skull)

From Cartilage - endochondrial (long bones)

Describe and locate:

Trabeculae

thin beams of bone

located in Cancellous Bone Connective tissue

• Avascular
• Chondrocyte is only cell present
• Heals slowly after injury
• Perichondrium is membrane that surrounds cartilage
• Lacunae houses cells as in bone

What are the Types of Cartilage?

Hyaline

Fibrocartilage

Elastic

(Pneumonic:  Cartilage is out in HFE)

instead of BFE

Describe and Locate:

Hyaline Cartilage

Shiny and translucent

located on ends of articulating bones

Describe and Locate:

Fibrocartilage

Matrix is semirigid and filled with strong white fibers

• found in intervertebral disks and pubic symphosis
• serves as shock absorber between bones at the knee

Describe and Locate:

Elastic Cartilage

Connective tissue

contains many fine elastic fibers

Located in external ear and larynx

• liquid tissue
• no ground substance or fibers
• 55% liquid; 45% formed elements

Erythrocytes (Red)

Leukocytes (white)

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Transportation

Regulation of Body Temp

Regulation of body pH

White blood cells destroy bacteria

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Describe and Locate:

Skeletal

• Striated Voluntary
• threadlike cells with many cross-striations & many nuclei per cell

-muscles that attach to bones

-Extrinsic Eyeball muscles

-Upper third of the esophagus

Describe and Locate:

Smooth Muscle Tissue

• non-striated, involuntary or visceral
• elongated narrow cells, no cross-striations, one nucleus per cell

-walls of tubular viscera of digestive, respiratory and genitourinary tracts

-walls of blood vessels and large lymphatic vessels

-in ducts of glands

-intrinsic eye muscles

-Arrector muscles of hairs

Describe and Locate:

Cardiac Muscle

• Straited involuntary muscle
• branching cells with intercalated disks (formed by abutment of plasma membranes of 2 cells)

Located in walls of Heart

Excitability

Conductivity

What are the functions of the cardiac Muscle Tissue?

Brain

Spinal Cord

Nerves

What are the cell types in Nervous Tissues?

Neuron

Neuralgia

Describe:

Neuralgia

Body Memranes

Describe and give types

thin tissue layers that cover surface,line cavities, and divide spaces and organs

Epithelial

Connective

Cutaneous (skin)

Mucus

Serous

• Parietal - line closed body cavities
• Visceral - cover visceral organs
• Pleura - surrounds a lung and lines thoracic cavity
• Peritoneum - covers the abdominal viscera and lines the abdominal cavity