Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous (not technically part of the skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Layers of Epidermis (Lowest to highest) |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum. |
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Term
| Where is Stratum Lucidum found? |
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Definition
| In the Epidermis of thick skin (heels/palms) |
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Term
| Types of cells in the Epidermis |
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Definition
| Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells (immunity), Merckle Cells (touch receptors) |
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Term
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Definition
| Areolar connective tissue (superficial), and dense irregular connective tissue (deep) |
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Term
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Definition
| Papillary Layer and Reticular layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dermis, capillaries, Meissner corpuscles (touch), free nerve endings, papillae, superficial 20%. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dermis, deep 80%, end organs of Ruffini (touch), blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands Are Deeper. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissues: adipose(FAT) + areolar, Associated structures: Pacinian corpuscles (pressure), blood vessels, nerves, injection s |
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Term
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Definition
| Melanocytes have melanin (same # per person, various levels of fullness). Epidermis, No Tyrosine = albinism and vitiligo. Carotene=yellow orange pigment. Hemoglobin = pink -> red. Both in dermis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blueness of skin due to low O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow in skin and sclera: bilirubin buildup Byproduct of broken red blood cells (liver disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| Erythema: red: engorged capillaries heat, infection, allergies |
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Term
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Definition
| Hematoma: blue/purple: bruise |
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Term
| Accessory Structures of the skin |
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Definition
Hair
Sudoriferous glands (sweat), Sebaceous glands (oil), Ceruminous glands (wax), Nails |
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Term
| Hair color -> Number of Hairs |
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Definition
| blondes (140,000), brown (104,000), red (90,000) |
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Term
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Definition
Medulla: innermost layer of hair: pigment and air space
Cortex: middle layer: majority of hair, pigment and air space
Cuticle: outermost layer, keratinized cells
Internal and external sheath (2 outermost layers |
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Term
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Definition
Bulb: base of follicle
hair papilla: areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, matrix (germinal layer=hair growth) |
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Term
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Definition
| 95% on males, 35% on females |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tightly packed keratinized cells
Body: visible portion
Root: buried under skin
Nail matrix: deep: causes nail growth
Growth faster on longer fingers
Function: protection and manipulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Body Temp, protection, Sensation, excretion, Immunity, blood reservoir, and Vitamin D Synthesis |
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Term
| Stages of Epidermal Wound Healing |
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Definition
basal epidermal cell migration
basal stem cell proliferation: replaces migrating cells |
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Term
| Phases of Deep wound Healing |
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Definition
| Inflammatory phase (2-5 days), Migratory phase (1 week), Proliferative phase (3 weeks), Maturation phase
(up to two years) |
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Term
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Definition
Attempts to restore its normal state (homeostasis)
Constricting blood vessels to control bleeding
Platelets and thromboplastin make a clot
Inflammation: immune response
WBCs clean the wound of debris and bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Clot scab
Epithelial cells migrate to bridge wound, Fibroblasts (connective tissue cells) deposit fibrin, and some collagen, Some angiogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
Granulation: fibroblasts fill in wound with collagen
Continued angiogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Scab sloughs off, Reduction of blood vessels, Fewer fibroblasts, Organization of collagen, changing the shape and, increasing the strength of the area, Diminished in the elderly |
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Term
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Definition
| Scar with wound boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Scar extends beyond original boundaries into normal tissue (shiny, dome-shaped, raised above skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of scar formation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gray hair, age spots, vasculature, layers thin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thicker walls of capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basal Cell Carcinoma (rarely metastasizes), Squamous Cell Carcinoma more common in males, Malignant melanoma (moles) Very deadly |
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Term
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Definition
Painful erythema (redness)
Epidermis partially destroyed
Basal membrane intact
Heals in a few days |
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Term
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Definition
Erythema = redness
Blisters
Underlying tissue does not blanch with pressure
Basal membrane entirely destroyed
Dermis partially destroyed
Epidermal cells still present around hair follicles
Heals in 3-4 weeks (scarring?)
May require grafting (doesn't turn white) |
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Term
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Definition
Brown, black or whitish
No blisters
No sensitivity
Epidermis and dermis totally destroyed
Subcutaneous tissue damage
Does not heal except from edges
Requires grafting (extensive scarring) |
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Term
| Pressure Ulcers (bedsores) |
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Definition
| Pressure on tissue reducing blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Small callous (thickening of stratum corneum) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Red birthmark
Abundant capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Poop caused skin infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Permanent dermal tears, stretch marks |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidermal growth, HPV, Transmitted by contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| Support, Protection, Assistance in movement, Mineral homeostasis: Ca and P, Site of hemopoiesis (spongy bone), Energy storage: adipose cells in yellow bone marrow )18% of body weight( |
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Term
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Definition
| Articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage on ends (joints) |
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Term
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Definition
| Endosteum: inner epithelial layer surrounding medullary cavity; contains bone-forming cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Periosteum: connective tissue covering bone; provides nourishment, growth, tendon/ligament attachment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Water (25%), Mineral salts (50%), Protein Fibers (25%) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Build bone, secrete collagen and other substances, to form extracellular matrix, located on surface of bone, become osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Mature bone cells trapped in lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
form from fusion of up to 50 monocytes (WBC)
break down bone via enzymes and acids regulate, body’s calcium levels, located in endosteum, no mitosis |
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Term
| Compact/spongy ratio (bone) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Osteons (haversian systems) |
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Term
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Definition
| trabeculae = irregular lattice of thin columns |
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Term
| Synonyms for Bone Formation |
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Definition
| ossification, osteogenesis, crystallization, mineralization, calcification |
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Term
| Intramembranous Ossification |
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Definition
| Occurs in flat bones of skull, and in mandible. |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification |
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Definition
| Most common method of bone formation. |
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Term
| Intramembranous Ossification |
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Definition
| mesenchyme osteogenic cells osteoblasts |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification |
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Definition
| mesenchyme chondroblasts (secrete extracellular matrix) |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in length (bone) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Only place bones can lengthen. Estrogen responsible for cessation. |
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Term
| Bone remodeling requirements |
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Definition
| Vitamins D, C, A, K, and B12. Minerals Ca, P, Fl, Mg, Fe, Mn |
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Term
| Bone Remodeling Requirements (hormones) |
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Definition
| IGF (Insulinlike Growth Factors, Stimulate by HGH), Sex Hormones, Insulin, Calcitonin(decrease blood CA level), and PTH (increase blood CA level), and T3/T4 (thyroid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Not complete (greenstick) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Force applied at fracture site |
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Term
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Definition
| force transmitted via tissues to fracture site distant to application point |
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Term
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Definition
| weakness due to disease (example: osteoporosis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Broken blood vessels, Clot (hematoma) forms in 6-8 hours, Inflammation cell death, Phagocytes and osteoclasts remove debris and dead cells, Up to several weeks in length |
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Term
| Fibrocartilaginous callus formation |
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Definition
| Fibroblasts and chondroblasts enter, Collagen fibers join bone ends, Fibrocartilage callus forms, 3 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| In more vascular areas (osteoblast activity), Spongy bone formed first, Links bone fragments, 3-4 months |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Musculoskeletal system consists of . . . |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| science concerned with prevention or correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system |
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Term
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Definition
| 80 bones, Includes skull (cranium, face), hyoid, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, thorax (sternum, ribs) |
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Term
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Definition
| 126 bones, Upper and lower extremities, Pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles |
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Term
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Definition
| Length > Width, Mostly compact bone in diaphyses, some spongy bone in epiphyses |
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Term
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Definition
| Square, mostly spongy bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Sandwich with Spongy in the middle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Patella, floats around within tendons as protection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Odd lil bones found in sutures. |
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Term
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Definition
| fissure: narrow slit, fossa: shallow indentation, sulcus: groove |
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Term
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Definition
| foramen: opening for blood vessels, nerves, or, ligaments Foramena = plural, meatus: tubelike opening |
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Term
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Definition
Condyle: large round process at end of bone
Facet: smooth flat articular surface
Head: rounded articular process supported by neck |
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Term
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Definition
| Crest, Epicondyle, Line, Spinous Process, Trochanter, Tubercle, Tuberosity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Epicondyle: process above a condyle |
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Term
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Definition
| Line: long, narrow ridge or border |
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Term
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Definition
| Spinous process: sharp, slender projection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Large, rounded, rough projection |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome. |
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Term
| Paranasal Sinuses (Functions) |
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Definition
produce mucus
lighten skull
voice resonance |
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Term
| Paranasal Sinuses (Locations) |
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Definition
frontal
maxillary
ethmoidal
sphenoidal |
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Term
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Definition
| Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleous Proposa gets out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Side to side curve (bad) (spine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Exaggerated Thoracic Curve |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve tissue gets a lil too close to the outside (spine) |
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Term
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Definition
clavicle (collarbone)
scapula (shoulder blade) |
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Term
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Definition
| 30 bones, Arms have one more Carpal than Legs' Tarsals, but Legs have a patella. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| True Pelvis is above the False |
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Term
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Definition
Male: Thinner, Pubic arch (bottom) Less than 90 degrees, and coccyx bent in.
Female:Wider, Pelvic Arche > 90 degrees, and coccyx a little straighter down. |
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Term
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Definition
cushion footfalls
distribute weight over hard and soft tissues
provide leverage for walking |
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Term
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Definition
2 longitudinal arches
1 transverse arch |
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Definition
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Definition
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