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A&P 2 final
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82
Science
Undergraduate 4
01/28/2008

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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
ÿÿÿÿ
Definition
ÀFMicrosoft Word Document
Term
neuron
Definition
nerve cell-they are highly specialized and conduct nerve impulses from one body to another
Term
dendrite
Definition
takes information into the cell body
Term
axon
Definition
takes information away from the cells body
Term
acetylcholinesterase
Definition

the enzyme that removes acetylcholine from a synapse

Term
5 lobes of the cerebrum
Definition
frontal,temporal,parital,occepital,insula
Term
Parkinson's occurs where in the brain
Definition
midbrain- substanicaniagra
Term
with Parkinson's you get degeneration of
Definition
dopamine
Term

Grey matter of the spinal cord-

the L2-L4 area

Definition
Reflex center of the knee-jerk response
Term
cranial nerve that oes to the Lateral rectus eye muscle
Definition
6th cranial nerve--abducens nerve
Term
how is CSF formed
Definition

From blood by the caroid plexus.

after it's formed it drips into the roof of the verntricles the circulates and is then taken backup

Term
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems are controled by
Definition
Medulla Oblongata
Term
White matter is not located
Definition

in the cortex areas (cerebrum cortex,cerebellum)

 

where every grey matter is you will not find white matter

Term
what does CSF contain
Definition
a weak salt solution with similar inorganic ion concentrations to plasma
Term
the major nerve of the lumbar plexus is
Definition
femoral nerve
Term
what does the trochlear nerve do?
Definition
innervates the superior oblique muscles of the eyeballs. it turns the eyeball downward and laterally
Term
ventral root of the spinal nerve is
Definition
the motor division of each spinal nerve, attached centrally to the spinal cord and joining peripherally with the dorsal root to form the nerve before it emerges from the intervertebral foramen
Term
peripheral ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system are located
Definition
in or on the walls of the target organs
Term
postganglionic fibers are
Definition
short
Term
what do beta bolckers do?
Definition

Beta-blockers "block" the effects of adrenaline on your body's beta receptors.

Beta-blockers also block the impulses that can cause an arrhythmia.

Term
what kind of nerves carry impulses toward the CNS?
Definition
afferent- carry impulses in--they are sensory found in dorsal roots of the spinal cord
Term
efferent nerves
Definition
sends impulses out to the skeletal muscles
Term
incoming light strikes which structure first?
Definition
The cornea (clear part of the sclera)
Term
where is the fovea centralis and what is it's function?
Definition
located in the center of the macula region of the retina and it enhances visual activity
Term
the 4 refractive media of the eye?
Definition

cornes, aquis humor, lens, vitrius humor

they change the direction of light to try to focus

Term
what is the basic functional unit of hearing?
Definition
the spiral organ of corti located in the cochlea
Term
in the inner ear sound waves move through what medium
Definition
perilymph and endolymph
Term
image focusing problems
Definition
myopia,hyperopia, astigmatism,presoypia
Term
myopia is associated with
Definition
short vision
Term
hyperopia is associated with
Definition
far vision
Term
astigmatism is associated with
Definition
problem focusing light rays at the same time
Term
presoypia
Definition
accommodation problem tht can be corrected with bifocal lens
Term
how is the aquis humor drained
Definition
it filters from the capillaries of the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber & a portion of it freely diffuses through the vitreous humor in the posterior segment while the remainder flows into the anterior segment
Term
how is conduction deafness caused
Definition

failure of the three tiny bones inside the middle ear to pass along sound waves to the inner ear

 

failure of the eardrum to vibrate in response to sound waves.

------A build-up of fluid in the ear canal, for example, could dampen the movement of the eardrum.

Term
what causes glaucoma?
Definition
elevated intraocular pressure which results in damage to the optic nerve
Term
what structures are involved in glaucoma?
Definition
aquis humor, optic nerve,
Term
what do rods do?
Definition
dim light and peripheral vision
Term
what do cones do?
Definition
bright light straight ahead vision and color
Term
what do meibomian glads produce?
Definition
responsible for the supply of sebum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film, prevents tear spillage onto the cheek, and makes the closed lids airtight.
Term
what is static equilibrum?
Definition
Static equilibrium refers to objects that are not moving.
Term
where are static equilibrum receptors located?
Definition
in the inner ear--in the vestibule and semicircular canals.
Term
which sense organ is connected to the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
vision, taste, sense of touch on face and aides in chewing
Term
which sense  is connected to the olfactory nerve?
Definition
sense of smell
Term
what is the function of the visceroceptors?
Definition

respond to stimuli within the body

ex: chemical changes,tissue streach and temprature

Term
which cranial nerve controls most of the eye muscles
Definition
ocular motor cranial nerve
Term
where does fertilisation normally occur?
Definition

fallopian tubes

Term
what does testosterone do?
Definition
stimulates the formation of all reproductive organs in males and effects skeletal mass and hair
Term
what does FSH do in males?
Definition
it stimulates sperm production in testis & makes cells sensitive to testrone
Term
what does FSH do in females
Definition
in the ovaries it stimulates ovarian follicles to mature
Term
where is progesterone secreted?
Definition
corpus luteum, ovaries, and placenta
Term

what does LH do?

Definition
stimulates ovulation and production of estrogen and progesterone
Term
low levels of LH in a male would.....
Definition
promote secretion of testostrone , but will also cause failure of sezual maturation because angrogens will be produced
Term
where is estrogen secreted
Definition
ovaries, developing follicles and corpus luteum
Term
what initiates menstruation
Definition
a decrease in estrogen levels
Term
what does oxytocin do?
Definition
stimulates uterine contractions and initiates labor, initiates milk ejection
Term
high levels of estrogen results in....
Definition
the pituitary to secret more LH and brings on puberty in females
Term
what is spermatogenesis?
Definition
production of male gametes in the seminerfous tubules
Term
when does spermatogenesis begin?
Definition
at puberty
Term
what is oogenesis
Definition
the production of oocytes
Term
when does oogenesis begin
Definition
it begins in the fetus
Term
the primitive streak in formed by
Definition
epiblast cells moving inward and upward
Term
what happens during gastrulation?
Definition
change from 2 layer disc to 3 germ layers and rearrangement and migration of cells
Term
sequence of preembryonic structures
Definition

zygote (fert egg)

blastomere

myorlia (72 hrs)

blastocysts (4-5 days)

gastrulation (@ 3 weeks)

somite

Term
what happens during implantation
Definition
Approximately one week after fertilization, the blastocyst embeds itself in the thickened wall of the uterus and pregnancy is established.
Term
during weeks 13-16
Definition

cerebellum is forming

sensory organs differentiate

eyes blink

glands in intestines develop

bones/joint become distinct

face looks human

sucking by fetus

Term
what does the trophoblast form
Definition
placenta
Term
during weeks 17-20
Definition

fetus takes on fetal position

limbs formed

Term
what does the ectoderm form
Definition
skin, and nervous system
Term
what do umbilical veins carry
Definition
oxygenated blood and nutrients from the mother to the fetus
Term
umbilical arteries carry?
Definition
deoxygenated blood away from the fetus
Term
what is the allantois
Definition
part of the yolk sac
Term
what does the allantois become
Definition

umbilical cord

Term
what structures orginate in the yolk sac
Definition
earliest blood vessels and part of the digestive tube
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