basic unit of life.

-all life is made up of at least one cell

-gives cell it's shape; seperation from environ.

-communicates with other cells

-signals to and from cell

-participates in growth and reproduction

-regulates what comes out of the cell

phospholipid bylayer

-hydrophilic side(faces the fluids)

-hydrophobic side (faces inside the membrane)

-

other structures-cholesterol,proteins, and carbs.

proteins and their functions of plasma membrane

-channels- allows passage for ions and other substances

-transporters- transport larger molecules in and out of cell

-receptors- substances attach to them which then affects cell's activity

-enzymes- catalyze reactions in membrane

-linkers- provide strength and can attach cells together

-cell id markers- unique to each cell-tells immune system that the cell is "you" and not foreign

name all the organelles

-nucleus, and nucleolus

-cytoplasm

-endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

-ribosomes

-mitochondria

-golgi apparatus

-lysosomes

-peroxisomes

-vesicles

-centrioles

-cilia and flagellum

control center

-contains the chromosomes

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nucleolus

inside nucleus

-makes ribosomes which make proteins outside the cell

everything b/w nuclear membrane and plasma membrane.

-mix of minerals, enzymes, nutrients and other material in water(cytosol)

includes organells

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

-highway system of cell

-smooth ER-synthesizes lipids

-rough ER-rough because of ribosomes attached to the membrane

-ribosomes make protein therefor rough ER makes protein.

-powerhouse of cell

-produces most of our energy

-makes energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

-the more energy a cell needs, the more mito. the cell will have

golgi apparatus

post office of the cell

-packaging and sorting for transport out of cell

lysosomes

-lyso-to desolve

-somes-body

small sac filled with digestive enzymes

-destroys and breaks down waste materials 

-allows cell to kill itself when needed (apoptosis)

peroxisomes

small sac filled w/ enzymes that destroy toxic chemicals

-help detox

-receive free radicals

little bubbles that store large materials

-allows lots of large substances into or out of the cell

centrioles

rod-shaped structures that function in cell division(mitosis)

-help chromosomes unwind so they can be copied for the new cell

-cilia-hairlike projections used to move fluids around the cell (respiratory tract/fallopian tubes)

-flagellum- a whiplike tail that provides movement (sperm)

the four types of passive movement in membrane transport

passive=no energy

-diffusion- from areas of high concentration to low

small solubles diffuse through plasma membrane to maintain equilibrium

-osmosis- diffusion of H2O through a membrane

-filtration- the passage of solution forced through a membrane by some other mechanical force

-facilitated diffusion- along concentration gradient using transporters.

active transport

requires energy

movement of lots/large material

phagocytosis "cell eating"

pinocytosis "cell drinking"