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| process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from one parent |
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| process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from wither parent |
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| combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
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| condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide |
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| one of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides |
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| region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together |
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| sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces |
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| stage of the cell cycle during which a cell carries out its metabolic processes and performs its functions in the body |
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| stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing |
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| process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei |
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| process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two; usually follows mitosis and meiosis |
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| framework of microtubules that guide the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis |
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| region of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contains structures called centrioles |
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| first stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II when the already replicated chromosomes condense |
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| second stage of mitosis and Meiosis I and II when the spindle is fully formed and all of the chromosomes are held in place |
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| Third phase of mitosis and meiosis I and II, in which the sister chomatids separate and move toward the poles of the spindle |
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| final stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II, in which the chromosomes reach the spindle poles, nuclear envelopes form around each set of daughter chromosomes, and the nucleoli reappear |
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| disk containing cell wall material that develops in plant cells during cytokinesis, eventually dividing the cell into two daughter cells |
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| mass of cells that remain at their original site |
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| mass of abnormal cells resulting from uncontrolled cancer cell division |
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| disease caused by severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle |
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| spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body |
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| type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell |
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| display of a person's 46 chromosomes |
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| one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent |
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| one of two chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individual's gender |
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| having two homologous sets of chromosomes |
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| egg or sperm sec cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair |
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| having a single set of chromosomes |
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| the fusion of the nuclei and cytoplasm of a haploid sperm cell and haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote |
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| diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell |
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| group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromosomes |
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| exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis |
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| new combination genetic information in gamete as result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis |
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