Term
What is another name for the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract or Gut |
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Term
What are the parts of the digestive system? |
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Definition
I. Alimentary Canal: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small itestine and large intestine. II. Accessory Organs: teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, and submandibular), liver and pancreas. |
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Term
What are the steps in the digestive process? |
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Definition
1. Ingestion 2. Propulsion 3. Mechanical Digestion 4. Chemical Digestion 5. Absorption 6. Defecation |
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Term
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Definition
taking food into the digestive tract, usually via the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
moves food through the alimentary canal, includes swallowing, which is initiated voluntarily, and peristalsis an involuntary process. |
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Term
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Definition
The major means of propulsion. Involves alternate waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in the organ walls Its main effect is to squeeze food along the tract, but some mixing occurs as well. In fact, peristaltic waves are so powerful that, once swallowed, food and fluids will reach your stomach even if you stand on your head. |
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Term
What is Mechanical Digestion? |
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Definition
Physically prepares food for chemical digestion by enzymes. Includes chewing, mixing of food with saliva by the tongue, churning food in the stomach, and segmentation, or rhythmic local constrictions of the intestine. Segmentation mixes food with digestive juices and increases the efficiency of absorption by repeatedly moving different parts of the food mass over the intestinal wall. |
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Term
What is chemical digestion? |
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Definition
a series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules are broken down to their chemical building blocks by enzymes secreted into the lumen of the alimentary canal. Chemical digestion of foodstuffs begins in the mouth and is essentially complete in the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
the passage of digested end products (plus vitamins, minerals, and water) from the lumen of the GI tract through the mucosal cells by active or passive transport into the blood or lymph. The small intestine is the major absorptive site. |
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Term
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Definition
eliminates indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces. |
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Term
How is Digestive activity provoked? |
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Definition
I. Mechano & Chemoreceptors repond to: * Stretch, osmolarity, and pH * Presence of substrate and end products of digestion II. They initiate replexes that: * Activate or inhibit digestive glands * Mix lumen contents and move them along
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Term
What are the Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity? |
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Definition
* Peritoneum - serous membrane of the abdominal cavity. * Visceral - covers external surface of most digestive organs * Parietal - lines the body wall * Peritoneal Cavity * Lubricates digestive organs * Allows them to slide across one another |
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Term
Histology of the Alimentary Canal |
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Definition
* From esophagus to the anal cavity the walls of the GI tract have the same 4 tunics. * From the lumen outward they are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
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