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95 Learning Module 1
NA
55
Other
Undergraduate 3
09/09/2011

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Cards

Term
What is communication?
Definition
The process of sending and recieving messages that serve to transmit messages between persons or groups.
Term
In regards to Communication what does an encoder do?
Definition
sends the message
Term

In regards to Communication what does an decoder do?

Definition
Receives the message
Term
Verbal Communication
Definition

Involves the use of words as symbols to excahnge ideas. 

 

Therefore it is referred to as Linguistic. (by the author, teacher disagrees)

Term
Non Verbal Communication
Definition
Does not rely on the use of words; rather it conveys ideas, thoughts, or feelings through other behaviors.
Term
Speech is...
Definition
Put simply, the manner in which most of us verbally communicate.
Term
What is Speech?
Definition

 

The physical production of sounds to communicate meaning through the neuromuscular control of the structures of the vocal tract.

(McLauglin Pg 12)

Term
What is Language? (as defined through your text)
Definition

Defined by author:

 

The system of arbitrary verbal symbols that speakers put in order according to a conventional code to communicate ideas and feelings or to influence the behaviors of others.

Term
What is Language? (Bloom 1988)
Definition

Language is a code where by ideas about the world are represented through a conventional system of arbitrary signals for communication.

 

Good definition because it states simply that language is a code.

Term
Characteristics of Language
Definition

 

 

Composed of arbitrary symbols

Conventional 

Rule-driven

Creative

A Learned Behavior

Term
  • Conventional
Definition
This means that the symbols used in a language are conventionally agreed by a language-using community to have certain meaning.
Term
Rule-driven: 
Definition

The manner in which the symbols used in this code called language is highly systematic; it is rule-driven.

 

 

As we shall soon discover, every aspect of language is governed by a system of rules. 

Term
A learned behavior: 
Definition
Not too many people would disagree with the idea that we learn to produce a language. The disagreement, and there are huge disagreements over this, is over how we learn language. We will be discussing these disagreements over how we learn language in the next learning module
Term
Language has 2...
Definition
..modalities
Term
Modality #1
Definition

Expressive Language

 

-Encoder

-Language production

Term

Modality #2

 

Definition

Receptive Language

 

-Decoder

 

-Language Comprehension

Term

The components of language include: 

Definition

(1) the phonologic component

(2) the semantic component

(3) the morphologic component

(4) the syntactic component

(5) the pragmatic component.

 

Remember that language is systematic, and there are rules that govern each of these areas of language.

Term
Phone:
Definition
Any sound the vocal tract is capable of making
Term
Phoneme
Definition
The smallest unit of sound that conveys meaning within a language
Term
Allophone
Definition
a phoneme that exhibits subtle differences but is still heard as belonging to the same sound category.
Term
Semantic component of language
Definition

refers to the element of meaning in a language

 

"Linguists study 2 dimensions of meaning in semantics, 

 

Word meaning 

 

and 

 

Word relations

Term
Word Meanings
Definition

Referential meaning

 

Connotative meaning

 

Inferential meaning

 

Figurative meaning

Term

Referential meaning

 

 

Definition
the concrete definition of a word (what you find in the dictionary)
Term

Connotative meaning

 

 

Definition
the emotional content of a word
Term

Inferential meaning

 

Definition
meaning that is not explicitly stated, but deduced
Term
Figurative meaning
Definition

meaning that a word, phrase, or sentence conveys that is other than the meaning that is explicitly stated.

 

ex: Idioms, metaphors, similes, irony, proverbs

Term
Word Relations
Definition

Another aspect of meaning has to do with the relationship words have with each other

 

Ex: Antonyms, Synonyms, Homonyms, Hyponyms (cat is a hyponym to animal) and semantic relations

 

Term
Semantic relations
Definition
Contrasting units of meaning expressed in words, phrases, or sentences
Term
Semantic Rules
Definition
Govern which words can be combined meaningfully and which cannot.
Term
Morphologic and syntactic components of language have to do with...
Definition
language form or structure.
Term

Morphologic Component of Language

 

Morphology:

Definition
The study of the form or structure of individual words.
Term

Morphologic Component of Language

 

Morpheme:

Definition

The smallets meaningful units of language

 

-free morphemes

 

-bound morphemes

Term
free morphemes
Definition

are simply words - root words that have no affixes

 

They stand alone without prefixes or suffixes

Term
bound morphemes
Definition

cannot stand alone

 

they must be linked to a free morpheme (or root word) in order to have meaning

Term
Mean Length of Utterance -- MLU
Definition
The average number of morphemes a child produces per utterance
Term
Syntactic Component of Language
Definition
Syntax
Term
Syntax:
Definition
the part of grammer that specifies rules for sequencing or ordering words to form phrases and sentences (McLauglin, p. 28)
Term
Sentence types
Definition

- Declarative

 

- Interrogative

 

- Negative

 

- Passive

 

- Imperative

 

Term
Declarative sentence type
Definition
a simple, affirmative statement
Term
Interrogative sentence type
Definition
asks a question
Term
Negative sentence type:
Definition
contradicts an affirmative statement
Term
Passive sentence type
Definition
the subject of the sentence is acted upon, rather than acting directly
Term
Imperative sentence type
Definition
makes a command
Term
Constituent Language Structure
Definition
the various elements - words, phrases, and clauses that make up a sentence
Term

Hierarchical Language Structure

 

Definition
The arrangment of these various elements within a sentence
Term

Pragmatic component of Language

 

Pragmatics:

Definition
the study of language use
Term
Pragmatic component:
Definition
the production of language in the context of social interactions
Term

5 components of LANGUAGE

(Linguistic viewpoint)

Definition

1. Phonologic

2. Semantic

3. Morphologic

4. Syntactic

5. Pragmatic

 

These are elements of a Linguistic theory of what it is that constitutes a language

Term

other view point:

 

Behavioral analysis of language

Definition

Does not involve the 5 components of language described by linguists

 

viewpoint from B.F. skinner

 

He instead analyzed language in terms of Verbal Operants.

Term
Mand Verbal Operant:
Definition
Requesting, demanding, or commanding
Term
Verbal Operant
Definition
is the basic unit for analysis of language production in the behavioral viewpoint
Term
Tact verbal operant:
Definition

A simple comment or description

 

a way of making contact with the envirnonment. 

Term
Intraverbals
Definition
is a verbal operant for which the stimulus is prior verbal behavior
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