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adenohypophysis (3 parts) |
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Definition
anterior pituitary: pars distalis, pars tuberalis, pars intermedia |
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neurohypophysis (3 parts) |
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Definition
posterior pituitary: median eminence, pituitary stalk, pars nervosa |
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Definition
a depression in the roof of the mouth from which the anterior pituitary forms |
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what does posterior pituitary develop from |
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Definition
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3 things that develop from floor of diencephalon |
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Definition
posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, infundibulum |
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2 types of cells in anterior pituitary |
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Definition
chromophobes (pale) and chromophils |
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stimulates follicle development in the ovary and spermatogenesis in the testes |
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Definition
= ICSH. in females: aids in the maturation of Graafian follicle, stimulates ovulation, development of corpus luteum, stimulates increase in progesterone secretion. in males: stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells. |
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Definition
stimulates adrenal gland to increase corticosteroid (cortisol) production |
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Definition
expansions of axonal endings which store hormones in the posterior pituitary |
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the posterior pituitary is derived from / and contains |
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Definition
the neural tube / unmyelinated axons of secretory nerve cells. (the cell bodies are in the hypo and extend their axons into the post pit) |
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posterior pituitary produces |
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Definition
promotes contraction of vascular smooth muscle, leading to increased blood pressure. also increases water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney, thus promoting the reabsorption of water. |
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Definition
positive feedback! promotes labor contractions and lactiferous gland and duct secretion (contractile effect). |
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thyroid gland is derived from... |
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Definition
endoderm: from epithelial bud from floor of oral cavity (foramen cecum) |
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Definition
simple cuboidal epithelium-lined follicles |
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Definition
follicles (w/ epithelium), CT, interstitium, and vascularized region surrounding the follicles. |
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secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by (2) |
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Definition
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Definition
= thyroglobulin. secreted by follicular cells in thyroid. when stimulated, the colloid is iodinated and prepared for basal secretion as T3 or T4. these hormones regulate metabolic rate (cellular respiration) |
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Term
how is the thyroid atypical (3) |
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Definition
stores its product, secretes both basally (T3 and T4) and apically (colloid), and an exogenous product (iodine) is needed to complete its product and must therefore be supplied via diet |
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Definition
parafollicular cells (in thyroid). produce calcitonin, which inhibits bone resorption, thus reducing blood calcium concentration. |
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Definition
untreated congenital TH deficiency = stunted physical/mental growth |
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Definition
thickened, non-pitting edema in hypothyroid patients |
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Definition
autoimmune hyperthyroidism (only hyperthyroid thing we know about). auto-antibodies bind to TSH receptors and chronically stimulate them |
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Term
does hyper or hypo thyroidism lead to goiter? |
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Definition
goiter = enlarged thyroid gland. BOTH. |
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adrenal glands originate from |
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Definition
intermediate mesoderm (cortex) and neural crest (medulla) |
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Term
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Definition
= disenfranchised sympathetic ganglion with cell bodies but no axons. secretes catecholamines |
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Definition
epi and norepi, responsible for fight or flight |
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adrenal medulla blood supply |
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Definition
direct arterial supply and drainage from cortex |
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adrenal cortex: three layers and their products |
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Definition
zona glomerulosa (aldosterone), zona fasciculata (cortisol), zona reticularis (androgens) |
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what stimulates the three sections of the adrenal cortex to release their products? |
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Definition
granulosa: ACTH and angiotensin. fasciculata and reticularis: corticotropin (ACTH) |
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Definition
affects CHO metabolism; in liver, increases synthesis and usage of FAs, AAs, and CHOs for glucose/glucagon/enzyme synthesis. OUTSIDE the liver, glucocorticoids (cortisol) are catabolic. |
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Definition
masculinizing hormones = androgens |
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adrenal cortical hyperfunction. central obesity, moon fascies, weight gain, excess sweating, striae |
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JFK's disease. hypofunction of all three adrenal cortex zones = chronic adrenal insufficiency. nausea, vomiting and low BP |
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islets of langerhans derived from |
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beta cells produce insulin, alpha cells produce glucagon. other pancreas endocrine products? |
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Definition
somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide |
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parathyroid glands derived from |
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Definition
pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4 = endodermal epithelium |
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2 parathyroid cell types and their functions |
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Definition
chief cells - secrete PTH. and oxyphils - uncertain function, larger and more acidophilic (pale) |
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Definition
increases blood calcium and decreases blood phosphate. (essential for normal neuromuscular activity). via promotion of bone resorption by osteoclasts and promotion of phosphate excretion by kidneys. |
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Definition
high blood calcium and low blood phosphate |
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Definition
mostly endo but slightly exo because it stores its product |
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all 3 layers of adrenal cortex are |
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= third eye, regulates reproductive cycles via light/dark cycle. has "brain sand" in it. |
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