Term
| The majority of maternal wt. gain in pregnancy is distributed in the ______, ______, & ________. |
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Definition
Fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid
The remainder is r/t uterus, increased blood volume, breast tissue, and maternal stores. |
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Term
| What is considered adequate wt. gain in pregnancy? |
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Definition
Low BMI = 28-40 lb
Normal BMI = 25-35 lb
High BMI = 15-25 lb
Obese = less than 15 lb |
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Term
| What is ideal wt. gain per trimester? |
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Definition
1st = 3.5-5 lb total
2nd + 3rd = 1 lb per week on average
"10 lbs. by 20 weeks" is a good rule of thumb |
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Term
| What nutrients always need supplementaion regardless of nutritional status? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much should a woman increase her caloric intake while pregnant? |
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Definition
| 300 cal./day in the 2nd and 3rd trimester |
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Term
| Name several reasons why adequate protein is essential. |
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Definition
1. Fetal development
2. Blood volume expansion
3. Growth of maternal tissue
4. Overall energy metabolism |
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Term
True or False:
The mother's body will provide calcium and phosphorous o the fetus regardless of her intake. |
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Definition
TRUE
This will happen at the expense of her bones
RDA = 1000 mg/day (4 cups of milk provides this) |
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Term
True or False:
The infant is dependent on maternal iron intake for iron storage for the 1st year of life. |
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Definition
FALSE
For the 1st 5 months of life |
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Term
| Which moms are especially at risk for iron deficiency anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anemia in pregnancy increases the risk for _______ and ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Vitamin A:
What is it needed for and what are the risks of deficiency? |
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Definition
1. Needed for growth of epitelial cells, CHO metabolism, gliucose synthesis, neuro devlopment, vision
2. Dificiency increases risk for preterm birth, IUGR, LBW |
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Term
| What deficiency cam lead to neonatal hypocalcemia and tetany? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vitamin is made in our intestines by E. coli? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin C aids in the development of _______ and __________ in both mom and fetus. |
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Definition
| Connective tissue and vascular system |
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Term
True or False:
High doses of Vit.C can lead to rebound neonatal scurvy after birth |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiency of _______ can lead to neural tube defects |
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Definition
Folic acid
Adequate intake can decrease the risk for NTD by 50-70% |
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Term
| What types of nutritional concerns are r/t adolescent mothers? |
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Definition
Low prepregnant weight
Poor wt. gain with pregnancy
Smoking, drugs, alcohol use
Anemia
Eating disorders
Body image
Physical and psychological maturity
Poor eating habits |
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Term
| Women should continue iron supplements for ____ to ______ months postpartum. |
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Definition
2 to 3
*Helps restore depleted stores |
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Term
| What are the caloric needs of a mom who is breastfeeding? |
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Definition
| Add an additional 200 cal to the 300 cal they added while pregnant = 500 additional calories vs. their prepregnant intake |
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Term
| Newborn nutritional requirements |
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Definition
105-108 kcal/kg/day
140-160 mL/kg/day |
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Term
True or False:
Formula and breast milk both contain about 20 kcal/oz |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the Healthy People 2010 goals for breastfeeding? |
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Definition
75% initiation
50% continue for 6 months
25% continue for 1 yr. |
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Term
| What are the three stages of human milk? |
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Definition
1. Colostrum - 2 to 4 days
2. Transitional milk - lasts about 2 weeks
3. Mature milk - foremilk and hindmilk |
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Term
| What are some advantages of breastfeeding? |
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Definition
1. Immunity against: resp. infx, GI infx, otitis media, meningitis, sepsis, poliomyelitis
2. Nutritionally complete - adjusts to gestational age, best for neuro devlopment |
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Term
| Signs of adequate breastfeeding |
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Definition
1. 6-8 wet diapers per day after about 5 days
2. Weight gain - should be back up to birth wt. by 2 weeks old
3. Signs of satiety (sleepy, content)
4. Audible suck sound is heard
5. Breast softens after feeding
6. Infant nurses about 8 X per day
7. Stool lightens to a yellow color with a seedy appearance |
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