Term
| Approximately how much of total blood volume do pregnant women lose before going into shock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hemodynamic changes that occur in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
50% inc in plasma volume by 30 weeks
increase in cardiac output
decrease in systemic vascular resistance
increase in fibrinogen and clotting factors (hypercoagulable) |
|
|
Term
| How much blood do pregnant women lose before becoming symptomatic (tachycardia, tachypnea, orthostatic hypotension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pregnancies result in spontaneous abortion? |
|
Definition
| 10-15% of clinical established pregancies |
|
|
Term
| What is a threatened abortion? |
|
Definition
| Anytime there is bleeding at <20 weeks |
|
|
Term
| What is usually retained in the case of an incomplete abortion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you manage an incomplete or missed abortion? |
|
Definition
| Surgical (D&C), or medical (misoprostol) |
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic appearance of a hydatiform mole? |
|
Definition
| Grape like vesicles of the placental villi |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms would make you suspicious of hydatiform mole? |
|
Definition
Spotting or bloody discharge
Severe N/V early in pregnancy
(But always maintain suspicion for molar pregnancy in early pregnancy loss) |
|
|
Term
| What is a potential complication of a molar pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of an ectopic pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Bleeding/spotting Sharp, rapid onset of abdominal pain Adnexal mass Referred pain Rectal pressure |
|
|
Term
| What are risk factors for cervical incompetence? |
|
Definition
H/o fetal loss >14 weeks
H/o cervical laceration
h/o cervical procedures (LEEP, etc) |
|
|
Term
| What are some management techniques for incompetent cervix? |
|
Definition
Emergent: hands/knees or Trendelenberg position
refer for cerclage |
|
|
Term
| Approximately what percent of placental previas spontaneously resolve? |
|
Definition
80% of partial previas
20-25% of complete previas |
|
|
Term
| Approximately 1/3 of AP bleeding causes can be attributed to what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are "mild" signs for placental abruption? |
|
Definition
| Slight bleeding, uterine irritability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-D immunoglobulin-blocks processing of D antigen from fetus and prevents alloimmunization (mom can't produce antibodies against D antigen from fetus) |
|
|
Term
| In what instances should you administer Rhogam? |
|
Definition
| 28 weeks gestation for Rh neg mom Within 72 hrs of delivery of Rh + infant to Rh neg mom After 1st trimester pregnancy loss After any invasive procedures in pregnancy (i.e. amnio) |
|
|
Term
| When is jaundice abnormal? |
|
Definition
| 1st 24 hours of life, may indicate hemolytic disease from ABO incompatibility |
|
|
